Martin Haug (orientalist)
Martin Haug (born January 30, 1827 in Ostdorf ; † June 3, 1876 in Bad Ragaz ) was a German orientalist .
Haug, the son of a farmer , has devoted himself to studying Sanskrit in Tübingen and Göttingen since 1848 and completed his habilitation in Bonn in 1854 , from where he moved to Heidelberg in 1856 to participate in Bunsen's biblical work at the invitation of Bunsen . In 1859, following a call to India , he was employed at Poona College as a Sanskrit professor and Superintendent of Sanscrit studies .
His extensive knowledge of the sacred scriptures of the Parsees and Hindu brought him into intimate contact with the most learned priests of both religions, and he thereby acquired a very precise knowledge of their cult, which enabled him to make many new contributions to the understanding of the Zendavesta and the Veda. In 1863 he undertook a scientific trip through the province of Gujarat on behalf of the British government , during which he was able to collect numerous valuable Zend, Pehlevi and Sanskrit manuscripts. Family and health considerations called him back to Germany in 1866, where he was employed as a full professor of Sanskrit and comparative linguistics at the University of Munich in 1868 . There he developed an important teaching position, but died on June 3, 1876 in Bad Ragaz , a famous lung healing place at the time.
Works
Important contributions to the understanding of the Zendavesta, especially its oldest parts, are: “The five Gathas, or collections of songs and sayings of Zarathustra etc.” (Leipzig 1858–62, 2 volumes) and the “Essays on the sacred”, calculated for a wider audience language, writings and religion of the Parsees ”(Bombay 1862; 2nd revised edition of West, London 1878).
Haug's main work in the field of ancient Indian literature is the edition and translation of one of the oldest Vedic ritual books, the "Aita-reya Brâhmana of the Rigveda" (Bombay 1863, 2 volumes).
Some of the early writings are: "About the script and language of the second cuneiform script" (Göttingen 1855) and "About the Pehlewi language and Bundehesch " (Göttingen 1854). The most recognized works of Haug refer to the Pehlewi, whose actual decipherer he is, the writings published on behalf of the government of Bombay in association with one of the most learned Parse priests: "An old Zand-Pahlavi glossary" (London and Bombay 1867) and " An old Pahlavi Pâzand glossary ”, with a longer“ Essay on the Pahlavi language ”(there 1870); then the “Book of Ardâ Virâf together with other Pahlavi texts”, published with the support of the Englishman West, with translation, annotations, glossary and short grammar (London 1872–74, 2 volumes).
Other writings of his later time should be mentioned: "On the present state of Zendphilologie" (Stuttgart 1868) and the works published in the treatises and meeting reports of the Munich Academy of Sciences in 1868-75: "Brahma and the Brahmins" (1871), "About the nature and value of the Wedischen accent" (1873), "Wedische Rätselsagen und Rätselsprüche" (1875) and others. His important manuscript collection was bought by the Munich Court and State Library after his death.
Further:
- The Pehlewi language and the Bundehesch (1854)
- The writing and language of the second cuneiform genre (1855)
- A Lecture on an original Speech of Zoroaster (1865)
- About the character of the Pehlewi language (1869)
- The 18th chapter of Wendidad (1869)
- About the Ardai-Vircifnamei (1870)
- An old Pahlavi-Pazand Glossary (1870)
- Vedic riddles and riddles (1875)
literature
- Wilhelm Eilers : Haug, Martin. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 8, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1969, ISBN 3-428-00189-3 , p. 91 f. ( Digitized version ).
- Julius Jolly : Haug, Martin . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 11, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1880, pp. 54-56.
- Adalbert Bezzenberger , Contributions to the Knowledge of the Indo-European Languages , vol. i. pp. 70 seq.
Web links
- Literature by and about Martin Haug in the catalog of the German National Library
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Haug, Martin |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German orientalist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | January 30, 1827 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | East village |
| DATE OF DEATH | June 3, 1876 |
| Place of death | Bad Ragaz |