Martin Knoller
Martin Knoller (born November 18, 1725 in Steinach am Brenner , † July 24, 1804 in Milan ) is one of the most outstanding fresco painters of his time in southern Germany and Austria.
Life
Martin Knoller's first teacher was Paul Troger , with whom he went first to Salzburg and then to Vienna. His first work is the fresco from 1754 in the parish church of Anras in East Tyrol. It is still completely under the influence of Troger.
In 1755 Knoller went to Rome, where he came into contact with classicism through his teachers there, Anton Raphael Mengs and Johann Winckelmann . Knoller's works stand in the area of tension between the transition from Rococo to Classicism, although his panel paintings approach classicism more than his frescoes . Both of these already lack baroque pathos. The groups of figures in Knoller's frescoes are characterized by a clear overview, based on the bright and often bright colors of the robes.
In Milan, where Martin Knoller married a wealthy merchant's daughter, he was also a professor at the local academy. His great patron was Karl Joseph Graf Firmian , who resided in Milan as Minister of Lombardy. Knoller also created numerous works for him. From 1760–65 he was back in Rome. In the summer months of the following years his most important frescoes were created in Tyrol, Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg. Knoller was not only a fresco painter, but also an excellent panel painter and master of perspective.
His students include Joseph Bergler the Younger , Michael Köck , Matthias Ruef and Joseph Schöpf .
In 1953, Knollergasse in Vienna- Donaustadt (22nd district) was named after him. In Bolzano , Martin-Knoller-Strasse in the Gries-Quirein district bears his name; in Innsbruck, Knollerstrasse in the Pradl district .
Works
Frescoes
- Parish Church of Anras in East Tyrol (1754)
- Karlskirche in Volders (1765)
- Monastery Church of the Assumption in Ettal Monastery (1769)
- Neresheim Monastery Church (1770–1775)
- Gries collegiate church in Bozen (1772–1775)
- Palais Taxis in Innsbruck (1785/86)
- Gerstburg residence in Bozen , ceiling fresco "Entry of the Aurora"
Altarpieces (selection)
- High altar picture (1786) and three side altar pictures (1763, 1765, 1794) in the monastery church of the Assumption of Mary in the Ettal monastery
- High altar painting for the Karlskirche Volders (1767)
- Servite Church in Innsbruck
- Parish church Steinach am Brenner
- High altar picture and two side altar pictures in the monastery church in Benediktbeuern (1788)
- High altar painting of St. George slaying the dragon, Deutschhauskirche in Bozen (1799)
- Two side altar paintings in the parish church of St. Nikolaus , Merano
literature
- Constantin von Wurzbach : Knoller, Martin . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 12th part. Kaiserlich-Königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1864, pp. 161–168 ( digitized version ).
- Karl Weiß: Knoller, Martin . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 16, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1882, pp. 321-323.
- Martin Knoller. His dome frescoes in the Neresheim Abbey Church , self-published by Neresheim Abbey, undated (1976).
- Gerhard Woeckel: Knoller, Martin. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 12, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1980, ISBN 3-428-00193-1 , p. 209 f. ( Digitized version ).
- Hanns-Paul Ties: Paul Troger, his students, his time. New finds and new additions to Tyrolean baroque painting , in: Der Schlern . Zeitschrift für Südtiroler Landeskunde , Volume 86, 2012, Issue 7/8, pp. 136–165, here p. 143 f.
Web links
- Literature by and about Martin Knoller in the catalog of the German National Library
- High altar in the Karlskirche Volders
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Knoller, Martin |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Fresco painters in southern Germany and Austria |
| DATE OF BIRTH | November 18, 1725 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Steinach am Brenner |
| DATE OF DEATH | July 24, 1804 |
| Place of death | Milan |