Maurizio Quadrio

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Bust of Maurizio Quadrio in Chiuro

Maurizio Quadrio (* probably September 6, 1800 in Chiavenna , † February 13, 1876 in Rome ) was an Italian freedom fighter , politician and journalist .

family

Maurizio Quadrio

Quadrio was born in Chiavenna, the legitimate child of Angelica Pestalozzi and Carlo Quadrio. He had five siblings and the family later lived again in their home village Chiuro. He grew up in a middle-class family.

The famous ancestor of the family is said to have been Stefano Quadrio .

education

Quadrio attended the elementary school of Ponte in Valtellina, the boarding school of Clusone (1810-1813) and in Cividate Camuno with his brother (1813-1815) and the high school of Vimercate (1815-1817). In 1815, after his father's death, he was under the tutelage of Matthew Basque, brother of his father's second wife (Rosa).

Quadrio attended the University of Pavia ( Collegio Ghislieri ) from the age of nineteen and studied law . Among other things, he was a student of Gian Domenico Romagnosi (1761-1835). During his studies he had first contacts with the secret society Carbonara de i Federati .

activity

In 1820 Quadrio was imprisoned for the first time for his work in the framework of the Carbonari in Naples . On March 16, 1821, he registered with 84 other university students in the Battaglione della Minerva (Minerva battalion) and came to Piedmont , where revolts for the freedom of Italy had broken out. After the failure of the uprisings, he was forced into exile and moved to Genoa , where he met Giuseppe Mazzini . From Genoa he fled to Spain , then to France and finally to Switzerland . In Switzerland, in Poschiavo , he worked as a teacher. After returning to Lombardy , he had to flee again and went to Odessa in Russia , where he gave private lessons and taught nobles.

At the beginning of the Polish November Uprising, which was aimed at independence for Poland, he joined the rebels in 1831, was a soldier and was wounded. He was supposed to be shot after his capture, but was pardoned. In 1834, after a short stay in Switzerland, he returned to Italy to surrender to the Austrian authorities. He was sentenced to death, but the Austrian authorities commuted his sentence to six months in prison. After serving his sentence, he returned to Chiuro, the village of his ancestors, and became a merchant. Here he supported the people when they were badly affected by cholera in Valtellina in 1836 .

Scene from the street fighting in Milan in March 1848

When the news of the outbreak of the 1848 revolution in Valtellina arrived in March 1848 , he went to Milan, where the provisional government appointed him a war commissioner (Governo Provvisorio Commissario di guerra in Valtellina e Valchiavenna) for the Valtellina. After the uprising failed, he had to flee again and found refuge in Lugano . Here he met Giuseppe Mazzini again. In January 1849 he was in Tuscany and was appointed Secretary of the Provisional Government. On February 9, 1849 Mazzini called the Republic of the Papal States , and as one who was in a leading position triumvirs 1849 together with Carlo Armellini and the Masonic Aurelio Saffi on the short-lived Roman Republic involved. Quadrio became secretary of the triumvirate. After the failure of this uprising too, Quadrio fled to Marseille , then to Switzerland and finally, supported by Mazzini, to London .

He took part in the unsuccessful uprising of February 6, 1853 in Milan and the Livorno uprising on June 30, 1857 and had to flee to London again and again. In London he became director of the newspaper Pensiero e Azione founded by Mazzini , which made republican propaganda for a united Italy. In 1859 he returned to Genoa and then back to Milan. Quadrio was an opponent of the agreement between Giuseppe Garibaldi and the Savoy royal family. He was then editor-in-chief of the newspaper L'Unità Italiana from 1859 to 1871 and supported the anti-Bourbon and anti-papal movement in favor of a free Italy. He campaigned in vain for an anti-Austrian uprising in Veneto (1863) and republican demonstrations in Milan (1869–70). In 1872 he moved to Rome to work in the newspaper L'Emancipazione . He spent the last years of his life devoting himself to social issues and the problems of the working class.

publication

  • Maurizio Quadrio: Il libro dei Mille del generale Giuseppe Garibaldi , Milan 1879, Giuseppe Golio Verlag.

literature

Web links

Commons : Maurizio Quadrio  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ According to information in the Austrian Biographical Lexicon (OeBL) uncertain, possibly also on September 2, 1800. On his grave, however, the information: November 2, 1800, should be the date of birth.
  2. ↑ a b Quadrio, Maurizio (1800-1876), journalist and politician , Austrian Biographical Lexicon (OeBL).
  3. ^ A b Maurizio Quadrio e il Movimento Repubblicano a Chiavenna .
  4. ^ A b Franco Andreucci, Tommaso Detti: Il Movimento operaio italiano: dizionario biografico, 1853-1943 , Vol 4, Editori riuniti lieu, 1979, p. 384.
  5. ^ Jessie White Mario: Della vita di Giuseppe Mazzini , Milan 1908, Società Editrice Sonzogno.
  6. ^ Daniela Pauli Falconi: Maurizio Quadrio. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . July 30, 2010 , accessed June 30, 2019 .
  7. ↑ Il contributo valtellinese all'Unità d'Italia .
  8. ↑ Louis de La Varenne: Le congrès des Deux-Siciles à Florence , Mariani, 1860, p. 384.
  9. ^ Jean-Yves Frétigné, Giuseppe Mazzini, père de l'unité italienne , Paris 2006, Fayard, p. 371.
  10. ^ François Buloz: Annuaire des deux mondes: histoire générale des divers états , Vol 8, Revue des deux mondes, 1858, p. 232.
  11. ↑ DIZIONARIO BIOGRAFICO: QZ , entry: Quadrio Maurizio.
personal data
SURNAME Quadrio, Maurizio
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian freedom fighter
DATE OF BIRTH September 6, 1800
PLACE OF BIRTH Chiavenna
DATE OF DEATH February 13, 1876
Place of death Rome