Chiuro

Chiuro
Country	Italy
region	Lombardy
province	Sondrio  (SO)
Local name	Ciǜür
Coordinates	46 ° 10 ′  N , 9 ° 59 ′  E Coordinates: 46 ° 10 ′ 0 ″  N , 9 ° 59 ′ 0 ″  E
height	389  m slm
surface	51 km²
Residents	2,525 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density	50 inhabitants / km²
Post Code	23030
prefix	0342
ISTAT number	014020
Popular name	Chiuresi, Chiuraschi, Maiarani
Patron saint	James the Elder and Apostle Andrew ( November 30 )
Website	Chiuro

Chiuro municipality in the province of Sondrio

Chiuro is a northern Italian municipality (comune) with 2525 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2019) in the province of Sondrio in Lombardy .

geography

The municipality is located about 9 kilometers east of Sondrio . It borders directly on the Swiss canton of Graubünden . The Adda forms the southern boundary of the municipality.

history

End Neolithic and Early Bronze Age

Castionetto stele

In the district of Castionetto, Maria Reggiani Rajna discovered two fragments of a stele from the late Neolithic and the early Bronze Age (between 2200 and 1800 BC) in 1959 . They show a wheel and a human figure. The fragments are in the Museo di Storia e Arte Valtellinese of Sondrio kept.

Both sides of the first stele, measuring around 60 by 30 cm, have incisions. On the one hand there are three parallel lines, on the other hand there is an anthropomorphic representation that carries a kind of halberd in his hand. However, there could also be arrangements that go back to the Middle Ages.

The second fragment of the stele has a wheel made of two circles with eight inner rays. If one follows the archaeologist Emmanuel Anati , who is also director of the Centro Camuno di Studi Preistorici of Capo di Ponte , this type of representation is common in Valcamonica , but only appears there in the later Neolithic and in the Aeneleolthic, the Copper Age . Whether it is a representation of a wheel or the sun with its rays, as was also assumed, remains unclear.

Late Middle Ages and Early Modern Times

Castionetto Tower

Stefano Quadrio, a member of a family from Como, dominated the Valtellina region from 1401. He was capitano generale of the Ghibelline militias and served the Visconti of Milan. In 1432 he played an important role in the Battle of Dubino between Milan and Venice. Quadrio promoted viticulture, but also the production of cloth, grain and iron extraction. In 1487 the Grigioni plundered and set the village of Gera on fire. Neither this catastrophe nor the efforts of the Sforza to conquer the area (1525-26) or the French hindered the region's economic rise in the long term.

In Chiuro there are a number of frescoes attributed to Cipriano Valorsa († 1604) from Grosio , whose earliest works were dated 1536. In the lunette of the Porta Maggiore of the San Giacomo cemetery there is a Pietà , next to the portal a San Cristoforo carrying a baby Jesus, and Samson, who looks towards Gaza .

Also the frescoes in the Portichetto dei Disciplini, an Annunciation, Santa Marta, then a resurrection, which is badly damaged, by which the four evangelists can still be recognized, and a burial of Christ, which is also badly damaged.

Rule of the Grigioni, sectarian battles

From 1512 to 1797, the Grigioni family ruled the area, but with long interruptions, because the disputes in the important passage area increased dramatically with the Reformation and Counter-Reformation. With the rebellion of 1528 called Sacro Macello , 400 Protestants were killed. Then the Valtellinese got into the fighting between France, the Duchy of Savoy and the Republic of Venice on the one hand and Spain and Austria on the other. In 1629 the Landsknechte brought a devastating plague wave into the country, which killed 600 of the 850 inhabitants. The passage of German troops and then that of the Duke of Rohan further decimated the population. Eventually the Grigioni returned in 1639. The population joined revolutionary France in 1797 and the area was annexed to the Cisalpine Republic .

Connection to France (1797), the Austrian Lombardy-Venetia (1815), Italy (1859)

Patriotic societies had campaigned for the end of the corrupt Grigioni rule and for the ideals of the French Revolution . It was not until 1815 that the area was attached to the Kingdom of Lombardy-Veneto at the Congress of Vienna .

The Austrians had infrastructure measures such as road construction carried out, but resistance to police violence and fiscal burdens increased against the background of increasing nationalism (Risorgimento). There were also famines and a cholera epidemic. In 1848 Maurizio Quadrio was appointed leader by the Governo Provvisorio Commissario di guerra in Valtellina e Valchiavenna , but with the return of the Austrians he had to go into exile. On June 29, 1859, the population of Chiuro received the revolutionary leader Giuseppe Garibaldi , and in 1861 the area became part of the newly founded Kingdom of Italy.

traffic

Strada Statale 38 dello Stelvio leads through the municipality from Piantedo to Bozen . The municipality's train station is on the Ferrovia Alta Valtellina (Upper Valtellina Railway) route from Sondrio to Tirano .

Attractions

• Parish church of Santi Giacomo and Andrea dedicated June 24, 1487 with stucco work by Agostino Silva (1620–1706).
• Rectory with painting San Francesco Ferreri by Giuseppe Antonio Petrini from Carona TI .
• Portico dei Disciplini with frescoes by Cipriano Valorsa
• Prayer chapel of Santa Maria with frescoes by students of Giovannino da Sondalo.

literature

• Anna Ferrari-Bravo, Paola Colombini: Guida d'Italia. Lombardia (esclusa Milano). Milano 1987, p. 383.
• Lombardia - Touring club italiano, Touring Editore (1999), ISBN 88-365-1325-5 , Chiuro Online
• Chiuro on tuttitalia.it/lombardia

Web links

Commons : Chiuro  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Statistiche demografiche ISTAT. Monthly population statistics of the Istituto Nazionale di Statistica , as of December 31 of 2019.
2. ↑ Figure with explanations (ital.).