Sondrio

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Sondrio
coat of arms
Sondrio (Italy)
Sondrio
Country Italy
region Lombardy
province Sondrio  (SO)
Local name Sundri
Coordinates 46 ° 10 ′  N , 9 ° 52 ′  E Coordinates: 46 ° 10 ′ 0 ″  N , 9 ° 52 ′ 0 ″  E
height 360  m slm
surface 20.88 km²
Residents 21,457 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density 1,028 inhabitants / km²
Factions Triangia, Ligari, Moroni, S. Anna, Colda, Ponchiera, Mossini, Arquino
Post Code 23100
prefix 0342
ISTAT number 014061
Popular name Sondriesi
Patron saint Gervasius and Protasius ( June 19 )
Website Sondrio
Sondrio municipality in the province of Sondrio
Sondrio
Nicolò Rusca
Palazzo Pretorio (Municipal House)
Palazzo Martinengo, State Archives
Masegra Castle

Sondrio (German: Sünders or Sonders , Rhaeto-Romanic special ? / I ) is the capital of the Italian province of the same name ( Lombardy ) and with 21,457 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2019) the largest town in Valtellina . Audio file / audio sample

The name is derived from the Latin name Sundrium , which is of Lombard origin. It points to an old cultivated land that was reserved for rulers for their own benefit.

Sondrio was named Alpine City of the Year 2007.

history

Early and Middle Ages

Due to the favorable strategic location near the mountain pass roads that cross the Alps, the place was important in prehistoric times. In the High Middle Ages, Sondrio was first subordinate to the Capitanei di Vizzola at Masegra Castle , then to the city of Como . A palisade fence was erected in 1318 and a city wall in 1325. From 1335 Sondrio belonged to Milan.

In 1487 the Bündner won the Veltliner campaign near Sondrio against the troops of the Duke of Milan. In 1512 they finally took up residence in the Valtellina, and Sondrio became the administrative center of the subject landscapes. The governor resided here as the highest representative of the Graubünden sovereign, who also served as a podium , judge and ruler of the middle tercier. In 1553 the official residence in Palazzo Pellegrini was transformed into a representative Renaissance building, which still exists today as Palazzo comunale.

Reformation and Counter Reformation

The first Protestant communities were formed as early as 1540, based on the work of Italian preachers such as Scipione Lentulo and Scipione Calandrini . After 1553 a separate Reformed parish was established, which met in the church Nabor and Felix on Sonderserberg and in Val Malenco . In 1574 a reformed church was built in Mossini , which was later consecrated to St. Carlo Borromeo after the recatholization . In 1582 an equal state school, a Latin school, was introduced. The main teachers were Scipione Calandrini and Raphael Eglin . At the beginning of 1585, after less than three years of existence, it failed due to the counter-Reformation agitation. In 1618, Nicolò Rusca , archpriest of Sondrio and advocate of the Counter-Reformation , was executed at the criminal court in Thusis . In 1620, about 140 Protestants were also killed in Sondrio in revenge in the so-called Veltliner murder , the leader of this murder procession was Giacomo Robustelli . Other evangelicals managed to escape to Graubünden.

Modern times

The second phase of Graubünden rule lasted from 1639 to 1797. A freedom tree was erected in Sondrio and the last Graubünden governor, Clemente Maria a Marca, withdrew. In the 19th century, several Graubünden wine trading companies established themselves in the area around Sondrio.

traffic

The Sondrio bypass is part of Strada Statale 38 , which connects the Valtellina via the Stilfser Joch with the South Tyrolean Vinschgau , Merano and Bozen . The Veltlinbahn is also important . In the neighboring municipality of Caiolo there is an airfield for general aviation .

Town twinning

Attractions

  • Collegiate Church of Santi Gervasio e Protasio, mentioned in the 12th century, one of the oldest in Valtellina. In the vault it shows the fresco Assunzione della Vergine by Giovanni Gavazzeni, and others by Pietro Ligari: Madonna del Rosario con Gesù e Santi (1738), Miracolo di San Gregorio Magno (1720), by Giuseppe Antonio Petrini from Carona TI Transito di San Giuseppe (1755) and two oil paintings Martirio dei Santi Gervasio e Protasio and Trasporto delle loro reliquie by Giacomo Parravicino.
  • Torre Ligariana, built by Giacomo Cometta from Devoggio, fraction of Arogno , died 1756.
  • Church of San Rocco, built in 1513, high altar painting Madonna and Child and Saints Rocco and Sebastiano .
  • Palazzo Pretorio or della Ragione (16th century).
  • Palazzo Sertoli, frescoes by Giovanni Antonio Torricelli from Lugano in the dance room .
  • Palazzo Sassi de Lavizzari, (17th century), seat of the Museo Valtellinese di Storia e Arte .
  • Masegra Castle, built in 1041.
  • Villa Quadrio, built in 1862, Biblioteca civica Pio Rajna since 1930.

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Other personalities

  • Nicolò Rusca (born April 20, 1563 in Bedano ; † September 4, 1618 in Thusis ) was archpriest in Sondrio and is also buried here.
  • Gian Pietro Giacomo Francesco Ligari (born February 18, 1686 in Ardenno , † April 6, 1752 in Sondrio), painter, draftsman, engraver, architect, organ builder, clock maker, musician and writer
  • Vittoria Ligari (born February 14, 1713 in Milan , † December 9, 1783 in Sondrio), daughter of Gian Pietro, painter
  • Cesare Ligari (born April 28, 1716 in Milan, † April 12, 1770 in Como ) (town of Sondrio), painter
  • Columban Sozzi (born July 14, 1728 (Johann Martin) in Olivone (today Blenio parish ), † June 23, 1802 in Sondrio), priest, teacher at the College of Disentis Abbey in Sondrio

literature

Web links

Commons : Sondrio  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Statistiche demografiche ISTAT. Monthly population statistics of the Istituto Nazionale di Statistica , as of December 31 of 2019.
  2. ^ Martin Bundi: Sondrio. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . 4th January 2012 .
  3. ↑ Kurt Jakob Rüetschi: Rudolf Gwalther's support for the state school project in Sondrio (1582–1584) and his opinion on the importance of Graubünden in the constellation of powers at that time . In: Christian Moser, Peter Opitz , Hans Ulrich Bächtold, Luca Baschera, Alexandra Kess: Movement and Perseverance - Aspects of Reformed Protestantism, 1520–1650. Festschrift for Emidio Campi (= Studies in the history of Christian traditions , Volume 144) Brill, 2009, ISBN 978-90-04-17806-9 , pp. 39-64
  4. ↑ Martin Bundi: Veltliner Murder. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . 2013 .
  5. ^ Martin Bundi: Sondrio. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . 4th January 2012 .
  6. ↑ Jürg Simonett: Georg von Perini. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . November 26, 2009 , accessed April 7, 2020 .
  7. ↑ Caimi . In: Ulrich Thieme (Hrsg.): General Lexicon of Fine Artists from Antiquity to the Present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 5 : Brewer-Carlingen . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1911, p. 362 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
  8. ↑ Antonio Caimi (Italian) on treccani.it/enciclopedia; accessed on December 31, 2016.
  9. ↑ Olivier Kaeser: Gianni Motti. In: Sikart (status: 2006) , accessed January 22, 2016.
  10. ^ Gian Casper Bott: Gian Pietro Giacomo Francesco Ligari. In: Sikart (status: 1998), accessed on January 25, 2016.
  11. ^ Vittoria Ligari. In: Sikart , accessed January 27, 2016.
  12. ^ Vittoria Ligari
  13. ^ Cesare Ligari. In: Sikart , accessed January 27, 2016.
  14. ↑ Urban Affentranger: Columban Sozzi. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . February 10, 2012 , accessed February 12, 2020 .