Mayer Ebner
Mayer Ebner (born September 18, 1872 in Chernivtsi , Austria-Hungary (today Ukraine ), † December 12, 1955 in Givʿatajim , Israel ) was a German-speaking Zionist and journalist.
Life
Born into an assimilated Jewish bourgeois family in Bukovina , Ebner studied law at the Franz Joseph University in Chernivtsi , where he obtained his doctorate . Even in his early youth he supported the concept of a new national movement of Judaism ; because in view of the anti-Semitic outbursts in the German national movement in Austria , he considered the liberal idea of assimilation to have failed. That is why he took the Vienna Kadimah (student union) as a model for Hasmonea , which he founded in Chernivtsi in 1891 with Philipp Menczel , Isak Schmierer and Josef Bierer .
In 1894 Ebner published Das Judenische Echo , the first publication in Bukowina with a Jewish national program. Of Theodor Herzl's The Jewish State thrilled traveled Ebner in 1897 for the first Zionist Congress in Basel . He won Zionist organizations to participate in political life and was one of the founders of the Jewish National Party of Bukovina, which was led by Benno Strauch . But he left with Leon Kellner and in 1910 founded the competing Jewish People's Council . In local elections in the next two years very successfully, Ebner was in the city council elected by Chernivtsi.
When the Imperial Russian Army occupied the capital of the Habsburg Crown Land in 1914, Ebner was arrested and deported to Siberia . Released in August 1917 before the October Revolution and returned to Czernowitz, Ebner represented the Zionists of the Buchenland from 1919 to 1940. When the Habsburg Monarchy collapsed and Bukovina fell to Romania , Ebner came to head the Jewish National Party founded in October 1918. He warned the new rulers to respect the civil rights of the Jews in Bukovina and throughout Romania. In 1919 he founded the Ostjüdische Zeitung , which he published until 1938. On the one hand, he wanted to maintain and develop the Jewish communal institutions, on the other hand, he promoted the Aliyah to Palestine and the spread of the Hebrew language .
From 1926 to 1933 (except 1931/32) he was a deputy and member of the Senate of the bicameral parliament of Greater Romania . He defied growing anti-Semitism and resolutely represented the interests of the Jewish minority. In 1931 he participated in the founding of the Prozionist Jewish National Party of Romania . It initially stood against the Union of Romanian Jews under Wilhelm Filderman , but entered into an alliance with it in 1936 in order to be able to stand up to the growing nationalism in Romania.
After Leo Motzkin's death in November 1933, Ebner became Vice President of the Zionist Congress . In 1940 he emigrated to Palestine. To resolve the political and territorial Middle East conflict between Jews and Arabs, he proposed a dual solution based on the example of Austria-Hungary . He died at the age of 83.
literature
- Andrei Corbea-Hoișie : Dr. Mayer Ebner . The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe, online version
- Josef Ebner: From Yesterday's World in the Jewish Renaissance Movement , in: History of the Jews in the Bukowina , ed. by Hugo Gold , Vol. 2, pp. 125-132. Tel Aviv 1962
- Mariana Hausleitner : The Habsburg Bucovina - a multicultural society? In: The Romanization of Bukovina . Oldenbourg, Munich 2001 (habilitation thesis FU Berlin 1999), ISBN 3-486-56585-0 , digitized
- Raimund Lang : Chernivtsi heads. Short biographies of important Bukovinians . Vienna 2006, ISBN 3-902368-11-X
- Manfred Reifer: Dr. Mayer Ebner - a Jewish life . Tel Aviv 1947
Web links
- Literature by and about Mayer Ebner in the catalog of the German National Library
- Mayer Ebner Cyber Memorial
Individual evidence
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Ebner, Mayer |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Avner, Meir |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Jewish journalist and politician |
| DATE OF BIRTH | September 18, 1872 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Chernivtsi |
| DATE OF DEATH | December 12, 1955 |
| Place of death | Israel |