Mezobromelia
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Compound inflorescence of Mezobromelia capituligera with red bracts. |
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Mezobromelia is a genus from the subfamily of the Tillandsioideae within the family of the Bromeliaceae (Bromeliaceae). The approximately nine species are distributed from Costa Rica to South America and on some Caribbean islands .
description
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Mezobromelia species are perennial herbaceous plants and usually grow as epiphytes . They usually reach heights of 2 to 3 meters, rarely only 0.5 meters. All species are funnel bromeliads; their stem axis is compressed and the leaves stand together in rosettes. The leaves overlap in such a way that a funnel is created to collect water. The parallel- veined leaves are mostly sword-shaped.
The often brightly colored inflorescences are long-lasting and mostly unbranched in many species. The hermaphrodite flowers are threefold. The three sepals are symmetrical. The three to about two thirds of their length fused petals have inside two scales at their base (ligules). The color of the petals is usually white or yellow. There are two circles with three fertile stamens each. There are nectar scales. Three fruit leaves are a half under constant ovary grown.
There are fruit capsules formed. The seeds have a “parachute” similar to that of the dandelion . The flying hairs only present at the base of the seed are straight and unfolded in the capsule fruit.
Systematics and distribution
The genus Mezobromelia was established by Lyman Bradford Smith in 1935 . The genus name Mezobromelia honors the German botanist Carl Christian Mez (1866–1944), who probably did the most for the systematics of the Bromeliaceae.
The genus Mezobromelia belongs to the tribe Tillandsieae in the subfamily of the Tillandsioideae.
The distribution area of the genus Mezobromelia extends from Costa Rica to Brazil and Peru. Most of the mezobromelia species are distributed in western South America in the Andes from Colombia to Peru . Two types are also found on Caribbean islands. They mostly thrive in cloud forests at altitudes between 2000 and 3000 meters.
There are about nine mezobromelia typologies:
- Mezobromelia bicolor L.B.Sm. : It thrives epiphytically at altitudes of 2100 to 2400 meters only in the Colombian Departamento del Valle del Cauca .
- Mezobromelia brownii H.Luther : It thrives at altitudes of about 2700 meters in Ecuador only in the province of Morona Santiago .
- Mezobromelia capituligera (Griseb.) JRGrant : It thrives epiphytically in forests at altitudes of 750 to 3100 meters in the Greater Antilles , on the island of Trinidad , in Colombia , Ecuador and Peru .
- Mezobromelia fulgens L.B.Sm. : It thrives terrestrially in the paramo and epiphytically at altitudes of about 2800 meters in Ecuador.
- Mezobromelia hospitalis (LBSm.) JRGrant : It thrives terrestrially in full sun in paramo and on open summit areas at altitudes of 2250 to 2400 meters only in the Colombian Department del Magdalena .
- Mezobromelia hutchisonii (LBSm.) W. Weber & LBSm. (Syn .: Mezobromelia trollii Rauh ): It thrives at altitudes of around 2000 meters in Peru only in the Amazon region .
- Mezobromelia lyman-smithii Rauh & Barthlott : It thrives epiphytically in cloud forests at altitudes of 1800 to 2000 meters in Ecuador.
- Mezobromelia magdalenae (LBSm.) JRGrant : It thrives epiphytically at altitudes of about 2400 meters only in the Colombian Department del Magdalena.
- Mezobromelia pleiosticha (Griseb.) J.Utley & H.Luther : It thrives epiphytically in forests at altitudes of 65 to 2438 meters. It is distributed from Costa Rica via the Guyanas and Brazil to Peru and occurs on the islands of Trinidad and Tobago .
swell
- David H. Benzing: Bromeliaceae: Profile of an Adaptive Radiation. , Cambridge University Press, 2000, ISBN 0-521-43031-3 : Google-Books - Online.
- Michael HJ Barfuss, Rosabelle Samuel, Walter Till, Tod F. Stuessy: Phylogenetic relationships in subfamily Tillandsioideae (Bromeliaceae) based on DNA sequence data from seven plastid regions. In: American Journal of Botany , 92, 2005, pp. 337-351: Online.
- Werner Rauh : Bromeliads - Tillandsias and other bromeliads worthy of culture. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1990, ISBN 3-8001-6371-3
- Lyman Bradford Smith , Robert Jack Downs: Tillandsioideae. In: Flora Neotropica , Volume 14, Part 2, 1977, pp. 1364-1365.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Jason R. Grant: An Annotated Catalog of the Generic Names of the Bromeliaceae , online version from Selbyana , 1998, Volume 19, 1, pp. 91-121.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k In “Species Index” click on Brocchinia in Eric J. Gouda, Derek Butcher, Kees Gouda: Encyclopaedia of Bromeliads , Version 3.1 (2012). last accessed on December 18, 2014
- ^ Harry E. Luther: An Alphabetical List of Bromeliad Binomials , 2008 in The Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, Sarasota, Florida, USA. Published by The Bromeliad Society International.
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