Mieren-leaved willowherb

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Mieren-leaved willowherb
Mierenblättriges fireweed (Epilobium alsinifolium)

Mierenblättriges fireweed ( Epilobium alsinifolium )

Systematics
Eurosiden II
Order : Myrtle-like (Myrtales)
Family : Evening primrose family (Onagraceae)
Subfamily : Onagroideae
Genre : Willowherb ( epilobium )
Type : Mieren-leaved willowherb
Scientific name
Epilobium alsinifolium
Vill.

The chickweed willowherb ( Epilobium alsinifolium ), also called chickweed willowherb , is a species of willowherb ( Epilobium ) within the evening primrose family (Onagraceae). In Europe it is an arctic-alpine flora element .

Description and ecology

illustration
Four-fold flowers from above and from the side

Vegetative characteristics

The chickweed willowherb is a wintering green, perennial , herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 10 to 25 centimeters. It has a short-arched rhizome, each of which forms a stem. When it blooms, it forms subterranean, white runners up to 20 centimeters long . Due to the numerous subterranean runners, the mermaid-leaved willowherb grows rapidly. The upright, unbranched stems nodding at budding time are bare, angular and have two to four raised longitudinal ridges.

The leaves , which are opposite to the inflorescence, have a short petiole or are sessile. The simple leaf blade is ovate-lanceolate, shiny dark green and serrated away, with the teeth up to 0.5 millimeters long. Leaf margin and veins are scattered hairy to glabrous.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from June to September. The inflorescence contains two to five flowers.

The hermaphroditic flowers are radial symmetry , four-fold and 8 to 12, rarely up to 15 millimeters long with a long tube. The axis cup is sparsely covered with glandular hair or almost bare. The crown is funnel-shaped. The four petals are 8 to 10 millimeters long, deeply edged and show five to six deep red veins. The stylus stands upright. The stigma is faintly clubbed to marginalized and not four-part (differentiation from other species).

The capsule fruit is bare when ripe. The smooth seeds are 1.3 to 1.7 millimeters long, spindle-shaped and have a translucent appendage at the top.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 36.

ecology

The chickweed willowherb is a helomorphic hemicryptophyte .

The pollination is done by butterflies and flies or through self-pollination . The flowers produce nectar and are weakly proterogeneous to homogeneous.

The diaspores spread through the wind.

Occurrence

The chickweed willowherb is widespread in Central Europe in the Alps . In addition, it is only represented in Central Europe in the southern Black Forest , Ore Mountains , Bavarian Forest , Jizera and Giant Mountains.

It grows in well-watered places, on seeping, nutrient-rich and humus-rich clay soils . It occurs predominantly in the subalpine to alpine altitude range , it rarely descends to the colline altitude range. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises to an altitude of 2100 meters.

Phytosociological it is a class characteristic species of Montio-Cardaminetea .

literature

  • Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive . CD-ROM, version 1.1. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Epilobium alsinifolium Vill., Mieren-Willowherb. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  686 .
  3. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 252.

Web links

Commons : Mierenblättriges fireweed ( Epilobium alsinifolium )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files