Mitella

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Mitella
Wire-haired bishop's cap (Mitella caulescens)

Wire-haired bishop's cap ( Mitella caulescens )

Systematics
Class : Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
Eudicotyledons
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Order : Saxifragales (Saxifragales)
Family : Saxifragaceae (Saxifragaceae)
Genre : Mitella
Scientific name
Mitella
L.

Mitella , sometimes bishop caps called, is a genus within the family of the Saxifragaceae (Saxifragaceae). It has a disjoint area in the northern hemisphere: mainly in Japan , but also in China , Taiwan , Korea , Mongolia , Russia and North America .

description

Trichomes on the leaf surface of Mitella caulescens
Detail from an inflorescence of Mitella caulescens with stalked, five-fold flowers, the five pinnate petals and the two styles are clearly visible.
Illustration of Mitella diphylla

Vegetative characteristics

Mitella species grow as perennial herbaceous plants and, depending on the species, usually reach heights of 6 to 55 (2 to 65) cm. They form creeping, short rhizomes as persistence organs and stolons can be present. The subterranean parts of the stems usually have durable, scale-shaped leaf bases. The elongated to upright, hardly to intensely hairy stems have no or few (one to three) alternate or opposite leaves. Most of the leaves stand together in a basal leaf rosette and are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The hardly to intensely hairy leaf stalks are usually relatively long. The simple, pinnate leaf blades are egg, heart or kidney-shaped with a heart-shaped to blunt base and mostly weakly lobed . The leaf margin is crenate or toothed. The leaf surface is smooth to varying degrees of hairy glandular depending on the species. The stipules are dry-skinned.

Generative characteristics

In an elongated, racemose inflorescence there are 2 to 60 flowers above scaly bracts on pedicels; the flowers are rarely solitary. The relatively small flowers are hermaphroditic and five-fold with double perianth . The green, white, greenish-white or greenish-yellow flower cups (hypanthium) are more or less fused with the ovary over their full length; the free area is at most 1.5 mm long. The five sepals are white, greenish-white, greenish-yellow and sometimes tinted purple. The five white, greenish, greenish-white, greenish-yellow, whitish-green and sometimes pink or purple-tinted petals are slenderly nailed and usually pinnate, rarely lobed. Sometimes petals are missing. There are one or two circles with five stamens each. Two carpels are fused together to form an almost upper to almost lower, single-chamber ovary over more or less the entire length. The ovules lie in two parietal placentas . The two styluses each end in a scar. The flowering period extends from July to August.

The two-beaked capsule fruits contain four to many seeds. The capsule fruits open between the two short fruit beaks, which represent the remains of the stylus. The reddish-purple to dark brown or blackish, shiny seeds are ovate to narrowly ellipsoidal, 1 to 1.4 mm long and almost smooth or pitted (tuberculat).

The basic chromosome number is n = 7.

Habit, foliage and inflorescence of Mitella breweri
Detail from an inflorescence of Mitella pentandra , the only five stamens can be clearly seen

Systematics and distribution

The genus Mitella has a disjoint area mainly in Japan , but also in China (two species), Taiwan , Korea , Mongolia , Russia and North America (nine species).

The genus Mitella was established in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , 1, p. 406. The type species is Mitella diphylla L.

The generic name Mitella is derived from the Latin word mitra for turban or headwear and the diminutive form -ella and refers to the bishop's cap-shaped fruit.

Synonyms for Mitella L. are: Drummondia DC. , Mitellastra Howell , Mitellopsis Meisn. , Ozomelis Raf. , Pectiantia Raf.

To the extent shown here, the genus Mitella is polyphyletic (DE Soltis et al. 1990, Soltis & RK Kuzoff 1995). The last molecular genetic investigations showed that three clades are clearly emerging, which will probably lead to the future being divided into three genera. However, a valid publication has to be awaited. Conimitella williamsii (DCEaton) Rydb. but it is the only species that has been hived off from a reactivated genus.

The genus Mitella contains about 20 species:

use

Little is known about its use by humans. The hardy species are suitable as ornamental plants in the temperate areas.

In Mitella diphylla the medical effects were examined

Homonym of the generic name

There was also the animal genus Mitella , see Pollicipes pollicipes Gmelin 1789, Syn .: Mitella pollicipes Gmelin 1789, a barnacles from the barnacle class .

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Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Walter Erhardt , Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold: The great zander. Encyclopedia of Plant Names. Volume 2. Types and varieties. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008. ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h Eckehart J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller (eds.): Exkursionsflora von Deutschland . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. tape 5 : Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants . Springer, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8 .
  3. ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum , 1, 1753, p. 406 scanned in at biodiversitylibrary.org.
  4. ^ Mitella in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  5. ^ Entry at The Saxifrage Society .
  6. ^ The International Plant Names Index. [1]
  7. ↑ Mitella diphylla in Flora of North America .
  8. ↑ Mitella diphylla at Plants for A Future .

Web links

Commons : Mitella  - collection of images, videos and audio files