Montbretia

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Montbretia
Gold montbretia (crocosmia aurea)

Gold montbretia ( crocosmia aurea )

Systematics
Monocots
Order : Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family : Iris family (Iridaceae)
Subfamily : Crocoideae
Tribe : Croceae
Genre : Montbretia
Scientific name
Crocosmia
Planch.

Crocosmia ( Crocosmia ) are a genus of flowering plants in the family of the Iridaceae (Iridaceae). The habitus of the species and varieties is vaguely reminiscent of gladioli . Some varieties are planted as ornamental plants in parks and gardens. The only seven to twelve species are only found south of the Sahara as far as the Capensis and Madagascar . The genus is named after Antoine François Ernest Coquebert de Montbret (1780–1801), a (German-) French scientist.

description

Crocosmia species grow as perennial, herbaceous plants . They form rhizomes (colloquially called tubers) as persistence organs. The plants are evergreen or leafless in unfavorable climatic conditions. The mostly upright stems are usually branched. The leaves are basal or alternate and distributed in two rows on the stem, depending on the species, are sessile, sword-shaped and have entire margins.

Four to twenty flowers are arranged in two rows in the inflorescences; under each of the flowers are two orange to red (rarely green) bracts . The sessile flowers are hermaphroditic, zygomorphic and threefold. There are two circles, each with three conspicuously orange to red colored bracts ; the outer ones are somewhat larger than the inner ones, all of which are fused with tubes. There is only one circle with three fertile stamens . Three carpels have become an under constant ovary grown. Depending on the species, pollination is entomophilic, ornithophilic or anemophilic.

Triple capsule fruits are formed. Each capsule compartment contains two to four spherical seeds.

Crocosmia masoniorum
Crocosmia paniculata
Garden montbretia ( Crocosmia × crocosmiiflora cultivar 'Lucifer')

Systematics

The genus Crocosmia was listed in 1851 in the botanical journal Flore des serres et des jardins de l'Europe , 7, p. 161, published by Louis van Houtte . Type species is Crocosmia aurea (Cardboard ex Hook.) Planch. Synonyms for Crocosmia Planch. are: Montbretia DC. , Curtonus N.E.Brown .

The genus Crocosmia belongs to the tribe Croceae in the subfamily of the Crocoideae (Syn .: Ixioideae) within the family of the Iridaceae .

There are seven to twelve types:

  • Crocosmia ambongensis (H.Perrier) Goldblatt & JCManning : It is endemic to western Madagascar.
  • Gold Montbretie ( Crocosmia aurea (Pappe ex Hook. F.) Planch. ): It is a shade-loving species with yellow to orange flowers. It occurs in two subspecies from Sudan to South Africa:
    • Crocosmia aurea subsp. aurea : It occurs from Tanzania to South Africa.
    • Crocosmia aurea subsp. pauciflora (Milne-Redh.) Goldblatt (Syn .: Crocosmia pauciflora Milne-Redh. ) It occurs from the Central African Republic to northwestern Zambia.
  • Crocosmia fucata (Lindl.) MPde Vos , home: South Africa.
  • Transkei-Montbretie ( Crocosmia masoniorum (L.Bolus) NEBr. ): It is a tall-growing species with orange to vermilion flowers. It occurs from the Cape to KwaZulu-Natal.
  • Crocosmia mathewsiana (L.Bolus) Goldblatt ex MPde Vos : It occurs in Mpumalanga .
  • Panicle montbretia or high montbretia ( Crocosmia paniculata (Klatt) gold leaf ), it occurs in South Africa.
  • Crocosmia pearsei Oberm. , Home: South Africa.
  • Potts-Montbretie ( Crocosmia pottsii (Macnab ex Baker) NEBr. ): It occurs from the Cape to KwaZulu-Natal.

Hybrids :

  • Garden montbretia ( Crocosmia × crocosmiiflora (Lemoine) NEBr. , Syn .: Crocosmia × latifolia N.E.Br. ) = Crocosmia aurea × Crocosmia pottsii .

literature

  • J. Gathe: Crocosmia in the Flora of Western Australia , 2008. (Description section)
  • Peter Goldblatt: Crocosmia in the Flora of North America , Volume 26, 2002, p. 402: Online. (Section description)
  • Walter Erhardt u. a .: The big pikeperch. Encyclopedia of Plant Names . Volume 2. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2008. ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Crocosmia at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  2. ↑ Crocosmia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Crocosmia. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved July 24, 2018.
  4. ^ Entry in the Flora of Madagascar.

Web links

Commons : Montbretia  - Collection of images, videos and audio files