Montparnasse - Bienvenüe (Paris Métro)
 Montparnasse - Bienvenüe
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| Tariff zone | 1 |
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| place | 6th, 14th, 15th arrondissement |
| opening | April 24, 1906 |
Montparnasse - Bienvenüe is an underground transfer station of the Paris Métro . It is served by lines 4 , 6 , 12 and 13 . The metro station is an important hub in central Paris. With around 81,000 passengers a day, in 2004 it was the fourth busiest station on the Métro. The nearby long-distance train station Gare Montparnasse is the fourth largest station in the city and the most important station for TGV trains in the direction of Bordeaux , Toulouse , Rennes and Nantes .
location
The metro station is located on the border of the Notre-Dame-des-Champs quarter in the 6th arrondissement with the Montparnasse quarter in the 14th arrondissement and the Necker quarter in the 15th arrondissement of Paris .
The stations of lines 4 and 12 are - offset in the longitudinal direction - under the Boulevard du Montparnasse between the Rue de l'Arrivée and the Rue Stanislas. Line 6 is located lengthwise under Boulevard du Vaugirard, while line 13 is located under Avenue du Maine north of Boulevard du Vaugirard.
Surname
On the one hand, it is named after the Montparnasse district, which was incorporated into Paris in 1860. The rubble hill, located at the intersection of Boulevard Raspail and Boulevard du Montparnasse , was removed in 1760 by the students based on the Greek mountain Parnassus , the home of the Muses , called "Mont Parnasse".
The second part of the name comes from Place Bienvenüe and refers to the engineer Fulgence Bienvenüe (1852–1936), who is considered the "father" of the Paris Métro. The four stations of the underground station were given the common name Montparnasse - Bienvenüe on October 6, 1942.
The station of line 4 of the Compagnie du chemin de fer métropolitain de Paris (CMP), which was directly in front of the reception building of the old Montparnasse train station, which was demolished in 1965, was initially only called "Montparnasse". The station of line 12 (at that time line A of the competing company Nord-Sud ) was named that way.
Initially, the station on line 6 (originally line 2 south) was also called “Montparnasse”. Since it offered no direct transfer to the stations of the same name on lines 4 and 12, it was renamed on March 11, 1910 after the crossing there Avenue du Maine in "Maine". Louis Auguste I de Bourbon (1670-1736) was an illegitimate son of the French King Louis XIV and Duke of the former province of Maine . After the Place du Maine was renamed Place Bienvenüe in honor of Bienvenüe during his lifetime in 1933, the station (now served by line 5) was given its name. The station on line 13 (then line 14), which opened in 1937, was also named "Bienvenüe" as a transfer station to line 5.
history
The first station was put into operation on April 24, 1906 with the opening of the southern extension of Line 2 Sud (today Line 6) from Passy to Place d'Italie by the CMP. On October 14, 1907, line 2 Sud became part of line 5, and since October 6, 1942, it has been part of line 6. In July 1974, the line was switched to trains with pneumatic tires .
On January 9, 1910, the station of line 4 was opened by the CMP, when the 3900 m long middle section of the line from Raspail to Châtelet was opened. With its commissioning, the previously separate south and north branches of the line were connected to form a line running from Porte de Clignancourt in the north to Porte d'Orléans in the south.
On November 5, 1910 - on the newly opened line A of the north-south - the station of today's line 12 followed. This initially ran from Notre-Dame-de-Lorette to Porte de Versailles .
The last expansion took place on January 21, 1937, when the "Bienvenüe" station of the 2300 m long first section of the then line 14 (now line 13) went into operation. It was initially the terminus of the trains coming from Porte de Vanves . At the same time, a long pedestrian tunnel had been built connecting the Montparnasse (lines 4 and 12) and Bienvenüe (lines 5 and 14) underground stations. On July 27, 1937, line 14 was extended to Invalides , and on November 9, 1976, it was connected to line 13 and received its line name.
description
All four stations have side platforms on two main tracks, they are under elliptical vaulted ceilings. The station on line 12 is slightly higher than the stations on the other lines, as the north-south trains initially had pantographs and received electricity from an overhead line . It also has vertical side walls, while those of the CMP type follow the curvature of the ellipse.
Three of the four stations have the original Parisian standard length of 75 m. The station on line 4 was extended from 75 to 90 meters in the mid-1960s and converted for use with pneumatic trains.
From the north-facing track of line 12, an operating track to the Vavin station of line 4 goes east of its station . Immediately afterwards, the tracks of line 12 cross under those of line 4.
Line 6 crosses line 13 east of its station and, after a curve, crosses under the site of the old long-distance train station. The Tour Montparnasse skyscraper was built there in the early 1970s , with the underground tunnel crossing its basement.
There are eight entrances, one directly from the long-distance train station and one from a shopping center.
Moving walks
The long connecting tunnel of the underground station is equipped with three 185 m long parallel moving walks . The middle one has been running at a speed of around 12 km / h since 2002, which was roughly four times the speed of a normal moving walk. Due to speed-related injuries among passengers, the speed was reduced to 9 km / h, later to normal. In 2011 the high-speed moving walkway was shut down and then replaced by a conventional moving walkway.
vehicles
Until 1928, 5-car trains consisting of initially three twin-engine and later two four-engine railcars and sidecars ran on Line 4 . They were replaced by Sprague-Thomson trains , which were successively replaced by rubber-tired 6-car trains of the MP 59 series in 1966/67 . The MP 89 CC series is currently in use on Line 4 .
Today's line 6 was used by Sprague-Thomson trains from around 1910. In July 1974 the line was switched to vehicles with rubber tires, and the MP 73 series has been operating there ever since .
On line 12, trains of the north-south type Sprague-Thomson ran initially, which differed in several points from the Sprague-Thomson vehicles of the CMP. A striking feature was the power supply of the leading railcar by means of a pantograph . After the takeover of Nord-Sud by CMP, this type of business was given up in the 1930s. In the 1970s, the north-south trains were eliminated in favor of the Sprague-Thomson standard design, and in 1977 modern trains of the MF 67 series came onto the line.
Line 13 has been used by vehicles from the MF 77 series since 1978 . Before that, MF 67s were on the road, which in turn replaced the Sprague-Thomson trains in 1976.
Surroundings
- Montparnasse district
- Tour Montparnasse , the tallest building in France until 2011
- Cimetière Montparnasse cemetery
- Jardin Atlantique landscaped over the tracks of the long-distance train station
Remarks
- ↑ Bienvenüe attached importance to the trema when writing his name, but it has no effect on its pronunciation
- ↑ The new reception building erected in the early 1970s was built approx. 300 m further south-west
- ↑ On March 27, 1931, line A of the north-south became line 12 of the CMP
- ↑ The lines of the CMP were marked with numbers, those of the north-south with letters
- ↑ The line number 14 was reassigned in 1998
- ↑ CC means "Conduite Conducteur" (driver-controlled), in contrast to the driverless type MP 89 CA
Web links
- Route and location of the platforms at carto.metro.free.fr
literature
- Gérard Roland: Stations de métro. D'Abbesses à Wagram . 2003, ISBN 2-86253-307-6 .
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Gérard Roland: Stations de métro d'Abbesses à Wagram . Christine Bonneton, Clermont-Ferrand 2011, ISBN 978-2-86253-382-7 , pp. 147 .
- ^ Jean Tricoire: Un siècle de métro en 14 lignes. De Bienvenüe à Météor . 2nd Edition. La Vie du Rail, Paris 2000, ISBN 2-902808-87-9 , p. 210 f .
- ↑ a b Jean Tricoire, op. Cit. P. 183 f.
- ↑ Jean Tricoire, op. Cit. P. 309.
- ^ Brian Hardy: Paris Metro Handbook . 3. Edition. Capital Transport Publishing, Harrow Weald 1999, ISBN 1-85414-212-7 , pp. 36 .
- ↑ Jean Tricoire, op. Cit. P. 217.
- ↑ Jean Tricoire, op. Cit. P. 219 f.
- ↑ Jean Tricoire, op. Cit. P. 311.
Coordinates: 48 ° 50 ′ 36 ″ N , 2 ° 19 ′ 23 ″ E