Transfer station
A train station that allows the change of means of transport in public transport is called a transfer station . The term is used in particular in the networks of underground and suburban trains , while trams are known as “transfer stops ”. Colloquially, railway stations are also called like this, for example “ Münchberg station is the transfer station to Helmbrechts ”.
history
Transfer stations emerged from the need to enable passengers to switch between two or more lines of local rail transport. In 1863, the first subway operated by steam locomotives was opened in London . The railway company Metropolitan Railway (MetR) wrong there on a part of the northern section of the later Circle Line . In 1868, the Metropolitan District Railway (MDR) opened a line that is now part of the southern section of the Inner Circle. In October 1884 the ring was completed and used by both companies. Since they were competing with each other, transfer options initially only played a subordinate role.
First interchange in continental Europe was in Paris the metro station Étoile the Métro . From October 2, 1900, it was possible to change from line 1 to the short route to Trocadéro , the nucleus of today's line 6 .
In Berlin , a transfer option between two separate subway lines was created for the first time at Nollendorfplatz . The subway of the then still independent city of Schöneberg (today's U-Bahn line 4 ) opened in December 1910 and met the Nollendorfplatz station on the main line of the Berlin elevated railway company . However, it was initially at two spatially separate systems, one on a viaduct located high station and a subsurface station , which were connected to each other only by a pedestrian tunnel. The first “real” interchange station in Berlin was the Bismarckstraße underground station (since 1961: Deutsche Oper underground station ), which was also located in the then independent city of Charlottenburg . From March 29, 1908, you can walk between the branches to Richard-Wagner-Platz and Reichskanzlerplatz could switch. The first underground transfer station actually built in Berlin was Gleisdreieck in the Tempelhofer Vorstadt , which was opened on November 3, 1912, initially as a temporary facility .
Transfer stations also exist for S-Bahn systems. The Ostkreuz station of the Berlin S-Bahn , a node between the lines going east from the Stadtbahn and the Ringbahn , is one of the busiest stations in Germany. At Berlin Wuhletal station, it has been possible to change trains across the platforms between the S-Bahn and the U-Bahn since 1989.
Types of interchange stations
Change at the same level
Simplest form
In London we are still dealing with the simplest type of interchange station several times: two or more different lines that travel (at least in part) the same route on the same tracks, use the same platforms. This is currently z. B. the case at Temple station , which is served by the Circle Line and the District Line and allows transfers between the two lines.
In other networks, too, underground lines are usually not operated on a single line. At the Berlin U-Bahn , trains on two different lines have been stopping at the same platform edge between the U-Bahn stations Warschauer Straße and Wittenbergplatz since May 2018 . This situation occurred in Hamburg with the opening of the U4 in November 2012.
From the beginning, however, the Munich subway network was built with subway stations on which different lines use the same tracks. One example is the Fraunhoferstraße underground station , where the U1 and U2 lines and , since 2011, the U7 reinforcement line share the tracks.
Multi-track stations
Railway stations where routes divide or where lines meet and / or separate are sometimes more complex. It happens that incoming and outgoing trains stop at different platforms or platform ends. In the Paris metro station La Fourche , the trains stop in the direction of the junction at a common platform edge, but the trains coming from the branches each have their own platform. At the Volksdorf underground station in Hamburg , the trains arrive from the branches on the two edges of a shared central platform, but the platform has to be changed when changing over a corner. In the Beekkant station of the Brussels Metro , this problem (transfer mainly across corners) was solved by left-hand traffic on one of the two routes.
In Berlin 's Mehringdamm underground station, you can change trains between the U6 and U7 trains at two directional platforms across the platforms . The same applies to the U2 and U3 lines at the five-track Wittenbergplatz underground station . There is also the U1 , which shares the track and the edge of the platform with the U3 towards the west, and has its own platform on the same level in the opposite direction.
Crossing stations
.jpg)
Stations on intersecting routes exist in different forms. The two stations of the Paris subway station Jussieu are parallel to each other, only further east of the station does Métroline 7 cross under the route of line 10 .
Classic examples of tower stations are the Berlin underground stations Gleisdreieck (two elevated train stations ) and Hermannplatz (two tunnel stations). There two stretches or lines cross almost at right angles on two superposed levels. In both cases there existed (Gleisdreieck) or exist operating tracks outside the station areas that enable vehicles to pass between the respective routes.
The stations of the Hallesches Tor underground station (one high and one tunnel station), Kurfürstendamm and Stadtmitte (two stations each in the tunnel) are shaped like an “L” with partly longer connecting corridors. The Gare d'Austerlitz underground station in Paris is a specialty . Its Métrolinie 5 station runs at right angles through the middle of the Gare d'Austerlitz long-distance train station . The terminus of line 10 is located in the tunnel L-shaped to the elevated railway station.
In the underground crossing station Mehringdamm , which was originally designed as a three-track branching station, the four main tracks are parallel to each other. The Berlin Wuhletal train station mentioned above is designed accordingly above ground .
Complex train stations
An example of a multi-track station with platforms on different levels is the Berlin subway station Nollendorfplatz with three levels with two tracks each. There, you can change trains at the middle level between the U1 / U3 trains (eastbound) and the U4, which ends there, on the same platform.
The Châtelet metro station in Paris is one of the most important transfer stations in Europe . It is served by metro lines 1 , 4 , 7 , 11 and 14 , each of which has its own station. In addition, there is the option to transfer to the S-Bahn -like RER lines A , B and D in the connected Châtelet - Les Halles station .
Web links
- Marienplatz station is the most important transfer station in Munich at mvv-muenchen.de
Individual evidence
- ^ John Glover: London's Underground . Ian Allan Publishing, Shepperton 1999, ISBN 0-7110-2636-X , pp. 11 .
- ↑ Axel Mauruszat: Gleisdreieck . GVE-Verlag, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-89218-333-4 , p. 28 .
- ↑ Axel Mauruszat: Gleisdreieck , p. 31 f.
- ^ Alexander Seefeldt: U1 trunk line through Kreuzberg . 1st edition. Robert Schwandl, Berlin 2016, ISBN 978-3-936573-51-0 , p. 39 and 140 .