Morels
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Reason: Information on the system is missing, list of species is out of date, information on the food value can be expanded, information on the popular “Morelhunting” in the USA is missing, information on the status of cultivation would be interesting, further individual evidence desired. - Ak ccm ( discussion ) 02:56, Feb. 16, 2014 (CET)
| Morels | ||||||||||||
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Table morel ( Morchella esculenta ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Morchella | ||||||||||||
| Dill. ex pers. |
The morels ( Morchella ) are a genus of the hose mushrooms .
features
The morels form up to 20 cm large, stalked and hollow fruiting bodies , which have a honeycomb-shaped head part. The individual honeycombs are separated from one another by sterile, light or dark ribs, the head part can be fully or partially fused with the stem. The spores of the morels are about 20 to 25 µm long, smooth-walled and have small granules (grains) at the tips.
ecology
The morels are predominantly saprobiontic soil dwellers that occur in forests, under bushes, on wood waste and on fire sites. In addition, mycorrhizal-like connections between morels and pines have been demonstrated.
Types (selection)
The genus contains 15 to 28 species, depending on the view. There are different varieties and forms, the taxonomic value of which is partly controversial.
- Edible morel - Morchella esculenta (Linnaeus 1753: Fries 1822) Persoon 1801 p. l.
- Pointed Morel - Morchella elata Frieze 1822: Frieze 1822 p. l.
- Käppchen-Morel - Morchella gigas (Batsch 1783: Fries 1822) Persoon 1801 p. l.
- Steppe morel - Morchella steppicola Zerova 1941
- Knitting pattern morel - Morchella vaporaria Brondeau 1830
- Varese Morel - Morchella varisiensis Ruini 2000
non-European species:
meaning
Some types of morels (e.g. the edible morel ) are among the most popular edible mushrooms . In principle, they can also be cultivated, although so far this has only been done in an experimental setting. Corresponding mushroom growing kits are available on the Internet. The species of the genus are protected in Germany by the Federal Species Protection Ordinance (BArtSchV). For the time being, collecting morels in the wild is only allowed in small quantities for personal use.
The high prices have repeatedly led to forgeries. The hollow fruit bodies are filled in order to simulate a higher weight. In addition to metal, stones, earth and viscous sugar solution, even tar, goat and sheep droppings were used.
etymology
The derivation of the name Morchella and Morchel from the Old High German name morhel , little carrot ', the Latin name morum , mulberry ' and from the vulgar Latin word mauricula , little Mohrin 'is discussed. In Austria it is also known under the name "Mailing", as it is mainly to be found in May.
swell
literature
- Achim Bollmann, Andreas Gminder, Peter Reil: List of illustrations of large European mushrooms. 4th edition. Genre CD. Black Forest Mushroom Teaching Show, Hornberg 2007, ISSN 0932-920X .
- Heinrich Dörfelt , Gottfried Jetschke (Ed.): Dictionary of mycology. 2nd Edition. Spectrum Academic Publishing House, Heidelberg / Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-8274-0920-9 .
- Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7 , p. 379 (reprint from 1996).
Individual evidence
- ↑ JL Dahlstrom, JE Smith, NS Weber: Mycorrhiza-like interaction by Morchella with species of the Pinaceae in pure culture synthesis. Mycorrhiza 9 (5), 2000, pp. 279-285, doi : 10.1007 / PL00009992 .
- ↑ Sergio Ruini: Una nuova specie da Varese, Morchella varisiensis sp. nov. In: Rivista di Micologia . tape 43 (1) . Associazione Micologica Bresadola, Varese (Italy) 2000, p. 17-26 .
- ↑ Interesting mushroom species in the southern Styrian thermal region . In: Bot @ nik newsletter . tape 1/2005 . Landesmuseum Joanneum, Botanik, Graz (Austria) 2005 ( PDF; 739 kB ).
- ↑ Guido Böhler: The morel season begins. In: delikatessenschweiz.ch. Dr. Guido Böhler, April 26, 2014, accessed on May 10, 2020 .