Moritz Momme Nissen

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Moritz Momme Nissen (born February 17, 1822 in Stedesand , † December 29, 1902 in Sünderup ) was a North Frisian sexton and teacher, poet and linguist in the field of North Frisian literature .

Life

Moritz Momme Nissen was the son of a farmer and a distant relative of Friedrich Paulsen . After several years as an assistant teacher and a three-year training at the teachers' college in Tondern , Nissen was a teacher in Brunsbüttel , Kiel , Gammendorf on Fehmarn and, from 1858, a teacher and sexton in Nebel on Amrum . The local pastor Lorenz Friedrich Mechlenburg (1799–1875), who had also dealt intensively with the Frisian language, especially the Öömrang , in his younger years , had given him this position and encouraged him to compose a dictionary containing several North Frisian dialects. In addition to Mechlenburg, the acquaintance with Knut Jungbohn, dating back to his time in Kiel, promoted Clement Nissen's interest in Frisianism and the Frisian language, to which he devoted his entire life. In 1865 Nissen became a teacher and sexton in his home town of Stedesand.

After he had suggested the establishment of an association to promote the Frisian language in 1873, he was one of the first members of the Frisian association in Niebüll in 1879 . In 1888 he was retired. On this occasion he was awarded the Eagle House Order of the Hohenzollern . But he remained in Stedesand as a sexton until 1892. Disappointed by the lack of recognition of his work by his compatriots and the failure of his efforts to inspire the North Frisians for their own language, he finally moved to Angling , where he died impoverished. His widow and daughter had to live in the poor house .

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Nissen is considered to be the creator of the “most extensive and most important work” on the North Frisian language . A compilation of Frisian proverbs, De fréske Findling, dat sen fréske Sprékkwurde önt Karhirdinge, withinge, amringe, breklinge, mourange, sellange, hatsinge, westfréske an engelske Reth , he self-published in 1873-83. He also wrote numerous poems, especially in the now almost extinct Karrhard Frisian , which he published in the De freske Sjemstin collection (“The Frisian Mirror”). Another volume of poetry Di Makker tu di freske Sjemstin (“The Comrade of the Frisian Mirror”) and a number of plays remained unpublished, as did the epic Hengist , in which Nissen attributed the Anglo-Saxon conquest of England to the Princes Hengist and Horsa to the Frisians and the starting point for them Relocated the conquest trip to North Friesland . He also wrote some linguistic articles for the magazine Am Urds-Brunnen .

Nissen's most important work is the six-volume North Frisian dictionary in several dialects of North Frisia , which he developed on his own over 40 years and completed in 1889. Nissen's dictionary, which comprises almost 10,000 keyword articles over 3000 manuscript pages and also contains a 160-page grammar, differs from the usual lexicon style because the word material is initially arranged according to stem vowels and only then alphabetically - based on Nissen's own Karrhard dialect . Up to 14 dialects are considered. However, the dictionary was never published because a university report from Kiel University misjudged the value of the unconventional work of a simple schoolmaster. The reason for the rejection was that Nissen considered Frisian to be the ancient Germanic language and therefore had taken up loan and foreign words in large numbers . Nissen's dictionary is still the most comprehensive North Frisian dictionary and an important source for the North Frisian linguistic usage of the 19th century and especially for Frisian dialects that are now extinct. Like his other handwritten works, it is now in the Kiel University Library .

literature

  • Albert Panten , Kurt Pohlmann: Moritz Momme Nissen: Ding-Jarn, Karhiird; February 17 , 1822 to December 29 , 1902 ; Narrow Sands 1977
  • Claas Riecken: Dictionary in Sleeping Beauty: on the creation and layout of the “North Frisian Dictionary” by Moritz Momme Nissen ; Kiel 1994

Web links

Wikisource: Moritz Nissen  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Panten / Pohlmann: Moritz Momme Nissen ; P. 8
  2. ^ Lorenz Friedrich Marstrand Mechlenburg
  3. ^ Claas Riecken: North Frisian Language Research in the 19th Century ; Bredstedt 2000; Pp. 281-283
  4. ^ Panten / Pohlmann: Moritz Momme Nissen ; P. 9
  5. ^ Panten / Pohlmann: Moritz Momme Nissen ; P. 12
  6. ^ Riecken: North Frisian Language Research in the 19th Century ; P. 294
  7. ↑ a b Thomas Steensen: Two Centuries of North Frisian Literature - A Brief Review and Outlook. In: Journal for cultural and educational sciences. No. 8, University of Flensburg, Flensburg 1999, pp. 121–127 [1]
  8. ↑ At the Urds fountain
  9. ^ Horst Haider Munske , Nils Århammar : Handbuch des Frisian: Handbook of Frisian Studies. Walter de Gruyter-Verlag, Berlin 2001, p. 356
  10. ^ Riecken: North Frisian Language Research in the 19th Century ; P. 295
personal data
SURNAME Nissen, Moritz Momme
BRIEF DESCRIPTION North Frisian poet and linguist
DATE OF BIRTH February 17, 1822
PLACE OF BIRTH Stedesand
DATE OF DEATH December 29, 1902
Place of death Sinnerup