Japanese fiber banana
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Japanese fiber banana ( Musa basjoo ) |
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| Siebold |
The Japanese fiber banana ( Musa basjoo ), Japanese 芭蕉 , bashō , is a species of plant from the genus bananas ( Musa ) in the banana family (Musaceae) native to East Asia .
description
The Japanese fiber banana grows as an evergreen , perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 3 to 4 meters. The leaves consist of leaf sheath, petiole and leaf blade. The stiff petioles are up to 30 cm long. The simple leaf blade is oblong with a length of about 2 to 3 meters and a width of 30 cm.
The Japanese fiber banana is single-sexed ( monoecious ), i.e. has single-sex flowers , which, however, sit together on the individual plant specimens. The inflorescences are pendulous. The bracts are red-brown to purple in color. The male flowers stand in two rows of 10 to 16 each.
The banana fruit, from a botanical point of view a berry , is 5 to 7 cm long. It contains numerous black seeds that are 6 to 8 mm in size.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 22.
distribution
Contrary to what the German name suggests, Musa basjoo does not come from Japan , but is originally native to China and was only brought to Japan by seafarers.
It is the hardiest of all species in the Musa genus ; in preferred locations in the British Isles it thrives outdoors. The northernmost known open-air site is in the south of Sweden .
Musa basjoo also blooms outdoors in Central Europe , but only rarely and after mild winters. The species also produces fruits in Central Europe, but they no longer ripen because of the short vegetation period and so remain inedible. There are not yet enough hardy fruit bananas.
Systematics
The first description of Musa basjoo was in 1830 by Philipp Franz von Siebold in Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen , 12, p. 18. The specific epithet basjoo derives from the Japanese word for the plant, bashō or in the Kunrei transcription basyô , here. Synonyms for Musa basjoo Sieb. are Musa japonica Thiéb. et Ketel. and Musa basjoo var. formosana (Warb.) SSYing . Musa basjoo belongs to the Musa section in the Musa genus .
One can distinguish between three varieties:
- Musa basjoo var. Basjoo : It is native to southern China.
- Musa basjoo var. Lushanensis (JLLiu) Häkkinen : It occurs in Sichuan .
- Musa basjoo var. Luteola (JLLiu) Hakkinen : It occurs in Sichuan.
Cultivated forms
- "Nana": This dwarf form, also known as "Sakhalin", is harder than the wild form and only grows to about 3.5 meters high. In recent years it has become an increasingly popular garden plant in Central Europe. The leaves freeze to death below −3 ° C; frost protection is required. The exact origin is unclear.
- "Sapporo": Cultivar, similar to "Sakhalin", from northern Japan (named after the city of the same name ).
Web links
- Entry in Plants for a Future (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Musa basjoo . From efloras.org, accessed February 28, 2019
- ↑ Musa basjoo. (No longer available online.) Tropengarten.de, archived from the original on February 12, 2013 ; accessed on February 28, 2019 .
- ↑ a b Musa basjoo . At tropengarten.de, accessed on February 28, 2019
- ↑ Musa basjoo at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ^ Musa basjoo in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ↑ a b c Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Musa basjoo. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved August 10, 2018.