Courage (egyptian mythology)
| Courage in hieroglyphics | |||
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Courage mw.t |
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Mut is a goddess of Egyptian mythology . Like Isis or Hathor, she is the symbolic mother of the Pharaoh . In Thebes she was particularly venerated and ousted Amaunet as the wife of Amun . She is the mother of Chons . There are amalgamations with Sachmet and Bastet .
Representations
She appears on many temple walls next to her husband Amun or as the “mistress of the nine bows ” (symbol of all enemies of Egypt). She is often depicted with a colorful robe, wearing the crown of Upper and Lower Egypt . Since Queen ( Pharaoh ) Hatshepsut , the goddess was portrayed with the vulture hood sitting under the double crown. Like Sachmet, she sometimes carries in her hand the papyrus or lily scepter of Upper Egypt.
Other images show courage with winged arms outstretched protectively. In her role as Mut- Sachmet she is portrayed in Thebes as a lioness, in her role as Mut-Bastet she is also portrayed as a cat. It is less often represented with the head of a man or a vulture, with a phallus and the claws of a lion.
Cult and cult places
Courage has only been attested in Egyptian texts since the late Middle Kingdom. The first reliable evidence comes from a stele from the 10th Upper Egyptian Gau, which dates to this time. Here, Mut is referred to as the mistress of Magab , which remained an important place of worship for her in later times.
In Thebes, courage formed a trinity with Amun and Chons . In Memphis , too , she was revered for her association with Amun. The Temple of Mut is located in Karnak , south of the large temple area of Amun. This has been the most important place of worship for the goddess since the New Kingdom .
See also
literature
- Hans Bonnet : Courage. In: Lexicon of Egyptian Religious History. 3rd unchanged edition, Nikol, Hamburg 2000, ISBN 3-937872-08-6 , pp. 491-494.
- Wolfgang Helck , Eberhard Otto : Courage. In: Small Lexicon of Egyptology. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1999, ISBN 3-447-04027-0 , p. 196.
- Richard H. Wilkinson : The world of the gods in ancient Egypt. Faith - Power - Mythology. Theiss, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-8062-1819-6 , pp. 153-156.
Web links
- Claudia Ali: Karnak Temple, District for Courage. From: Leben-in-luxor.de , March 1, 2016, accessed on March 3, 2016 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Rolf Felde: Egyptian gods. 2nd expanded and improved edition, R. Felde Eigenverlag, Wiesbaden 1995, p. 38.
- ↑ Renate Krauspe: A stele lost today from the Leipzig collection (Egyptian Museum of the Karl Marx University Leipzig 5128) , in a commemorative publication for the 150th anniversary of the Berlin Egyptian Museum , Berlin 1974, pp. 159–161