Natalija Ilyinichna Saz

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Natalija Ilyinichna Saz
Gravestone of Natalija Saz with her portrait and a replica of the blue bird on a golden harp, the original of which crowns the building of her Moscow musical theater for children

Natalya Sats , even Natalya Saz and Natalia Saz ( Russian Наталия Ильинична Сац ; born August 14 . Jul / 27. August  1903 greg. In Irkutsk ; † 18th December 1993 in Moscow ) was a Russian children's and musical theater director.

life and work

As the daughter of the composer Ilya Saz , who was valued by Konstantin Stanislawski and Max Reinhardt , and the singer Anna Michailowna Shchastnaja (Анна Михайловна Щастная), Saz came into contact with a number of theater people in her youth. Saz was born in Irkutsk in Imperial Russia , where her father Ilya Saz was in political exile . Ilya Saz was a composer and grew up in a Jewish family; he was also a friend and protégé of Leo Tolstoy . Her mother Anna, née Shchastnaya (English transcription), was a singer and daughter of the Ukrainian general Mikhail Ivanovich Shchastnij (Михаил Иванович Щастный) and Nadezhda Michljowna Jaškova-Chrapovickaya (Надихаškova-Chrapovickaja). The parents in Irkutsk got married only after Natalija was born. The family moved to Moscow in 1904 when Ilya Saz became music director of the Moscow Art Theater (MAT) . After the October Revolution of 1917, the commissioner for education Anatoly Lunacharsky suggested a theater for children and the MAT director Konstantin Stanislavski recommended Natalija Saz. In 1918, at the age of fifteen, she was appointed director of the Moscow Children's Theater, where she initiated the creation of several plays , operas and other musical works . At her request, Alexei Tolstoy wrote The Golden Key and Sergei Prokofiev Peter and the Wolf . Natalija Saz wrote the fairy tale text for "Peter and the Wolf" and took on the role of the narrator at the premiere on May 2, 1936.

Saz had good international contacts and success. At the end of the 1920s she met Max Reinhardt in Berlin, visited Hugo von Hofmannsthal and his Jedermann performance in Salzburg , and she also knew Igor Stravinsky personally. In 1931 Saz received an invitation from Otto Klemperer to stage Giuseppe Verdi's Falstaff at the progressive Berlin Kroll opera . She also gained recognition from Erwin Piscator and Albert Einstein , who made music with her. Saz staged operas a. a. also at the Teatro Colón in Buenos Aires and in Japan.

Initially, the Saz's theater performed in various houses, including the Moscow Art Theater . From 1936, her theater had its own house in Moscow with the MChAT II on Sverdlov Square. After the American ambassador visited one of her performances in 1937, Natalija Saz was accused of espionage and taken to the notorious Lubyanka . She was then deported to a Siberian labor camp for five years. After Stalin's death she was rehabilitated and was able to return to Moscow in 1958. In 1964 she founded the actual Moscow Music Theater for Children, which was directed until her death and which has had a specially built theater building with two large halls on Vernadsky Prospect since 1980. A. Velikanow and W. Krassilnikow are considered to be the architects of the new theater building, but Natalija Saz was the main consultant for the project and practically designed the building herself. She was also a professor at the theater school. Similar children's theaters were created in Kiev and St. Petersburg, based on the Moscow model .

Her memoirs, in which she also deals with her time in Siberian camp imprisonment from 1937 to 1942 and the intermediate stages of her career in other Soviet republics until her return to Moscow in the time after Stalin , are testimony to the history of musical theater and children's theater in the 20th century Century; she also speaks about productions by Walter Felsenstein and his Berlin Komische Oper . Sergei Obraszow , creator and most important representative of the Soviet puppet theater, is regarded as the antipode of Saz .

Awards

Publications

  • The Moscow Theater for Children (original title: Teatr dlia detei , translated by ES Mikulina), Publishing Cooperative for Foreign Workers in the USSR, Leningrad / Moscow 1935, OCLC 179279197 .
  • Children in the theater , memories (original title Deti prichodat v teatr , translated, edited and with an afterword by Hans Rodenberg ), Henschel, Berlin 1966, DNB 457997923 , OCLC 469593101 .

Autobiography

  • Новеллы моей жизни ( Novelly moej žizni ), Искусство (Iskusstvo), Moskva 1973, OCLC 5464103 (359 pages with illustrations and notes, 25 sheets, illustrations 21 cm), 1979; 1984 and 1985 (in two volumes, 649 pages, Russian).
  • Novellas of my life (original title: Novelly moej žizni , translated from Russian by Hans Rodenberg . Henschel, Berlin 1973, DNB 576344818 , OCLC 72180114 (music- related autobiography of the artistic director of the musical theater for children in Moscow, 417 pages with illustrations, 8).
    • 2nd, unchanged edition: Henschelverlag Kunst und Gesellschaft, 1975. DNB 750387580 , OCLC 3424478 (music- related autobiography of the artistic director of the music theater for children in Moscow, 409, [16] pages with illustrations and sheet music, 20 cm).
  • Novellas of my life (translated from Russian by Erich Ahrndt), Henschelverlag Kunst und Gesellschaft, 1986, ISBN 3-362-00004-5 (Contains book 1 and book 2, which the author Natalia Saz writes, among other things, about herself and her Moscow Children's Music Theater as well as encounters with Otto Klemperer, Dmitri Kabalewski , Walter Felsenstein , Albert Einstein and many others, 660, [32] pages, 53 illustrations, 21 cm).
  • English translation by Sergei Syrovatkin: Sketches from my life , Raduga, Moskva 1979, 1985, ISBN 50-5001-099-3 ; OCLC 477273326 .

Web links

Commons : Natalya Sats  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Natalya Sats, biographer. Information from Robert Edwards
  2. ↑ a b c d e f biography of Nataliya Saz. Retrieved October 17, 2018 (Russian).
  3. ^ Sächsische Zeitung: Spielbühne celebrated its 48th birthday with children's theater and reunion, October 26, 2009
  4. ↑ От производителя: С именем Героя Социалистического Труда, народной артистки СССР, лауреата Ленинской премии Н.И.Сац связано становление первого в мире театра для детей . В форме непринужденного рассказа, передающего атмосферу времени, автор рисует портреты выдающихся деятелей искусства, литературы и науки: К.Станиславского, Е.Вахтангова, А.Эйнштейна, А.Толстого, Н.Черкасова, Э.Пискатора, К.Паустовского, Д. Шостаковича, Т.Хренникова, Д.Кабалевского и многих других. 2-е издание, исправленное и дополненное.
personal data
SURNAME Saz, Natalija Ilyinichna
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Сац, Наталия Ильинична (Russian); Sac, Natalija Iljinična
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian director for children and music theater
DATE OF BIRTH August 27, 1903
PLACE OF BIRTH Irkutsk
DATE OF DEATH 18th December 1993
Place of death Moscow