Natalia Dmitrievna Fonvisina

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Natalia Dmitrievna Fonvisina

Natalya Dmitrievna Fonwisina (German Natalja by meadows , Russian Наталья Дмитриевна Фонвизина , scientific. Transliteration Natal'ja Dmitrievna Fonvizina * April 1 . Jul / 13. April  1803 greg. , † October 10 jul. / 22. October  1869 greg. in Moscow ) was the wife of the Decembrist Michail Fonwisin and then that of the Decembrist Ivan Pushchin .

Life

Natalja's father, the landowner Dmitri Akimowitsch Apuchtin (1768-1838), came from the noble family of the Apuchtins and was an aristocratic marshal in the Kostroma district . Akim Ivanovich Apuchtin, the paternal grandfather, was governor of Simbirsk and Ufa from 1783 to 1784 . He was an assessor in the Pugachev trial . Pawel Ivanovich Fonwisin , maternal grandfather, was director of Moscow University from 1784–1996 .

As a sixteen year old Natalja gave all suitors a basket. In September 1822 she married Michail Fonwisin, a nephew of Denis Ivanovich Fonwisin . In August 1824 their son Dmitri († October 1850) was born. After the husband was arrested on his Krjukowo estate in January 1826 and taken to the Peter and Paul Fortress , Natalia followed him. It was forbidden to see him in Saint Petersburg . Natalja went back to Moscow and gave birth to their son Michail on February 4, 1826 († November 1851). In April she went to see her husband again in St. Petersburg.

Nikolai Alexandrowitsch Bestuschew around 1828: View of the Ostrog Tschita

After Natalja had given her two sons into the care of her mother, she followed her husband into exile in Siberia . In March 1828 she arrived at Ostrog Tschita . Maria Volkonskaya recalls: “Ms. Fonwisina arrived shortly after our arrival. She had a typically Russian face, white, fresh, with protruding pale blue eyes, was small and plump, but of poor health. When she was having trouble sleeping, she always had visions. At night she screamed so loud that you could hear it on the street. "

The next stop for the Fonwisin couple was the Katorga Peter hut in September 1830 . Natalja gave birth to her son Bogdan in 1832 in the immediate vicinity of this penitentiary. The boy died there. In the fall of 1832, the husband was released from prison. Initially, the couple were forcibly resettled in Nerchinsk and then in 1834 in Yeniseisk . The son Ivan, also born in Peter-Hütte, died in 1834. In Yenisseisk, Natalja was active in the welfare sector and cultivated a friendly relationship with two friends of her husband. They were Pavel Bobrishchev-Pushkin and her future husband Ivan Pushchin.

Natalja's husband was allowed to move to Krasnoyarsk in 1835 and to Tobolsk in 1838 . In Tobolsk, Natalia continued her work in the field of charity. She took in needy Tobolsk children into her household. In 1850 Natalja visited Dostoyevsky , Petraschewski and other Petraschewzen in Tobolsk prison . From Petraschewski she learned that her son Dmitri was a member of the Petraschewzen group.

In 1853, Mikhail Fonwisin was allowed to return home with his wife to his native Marjino, a village near Moscow. He died in 1854. Natalja then lived with relatives in Moscow and in 1856 returned to Tobolsk. Ivan Puschtschkin which the remote to the 250 km Yalutorovsk had been settled, established in August 1856 by Alexander II. Pardoned and went in December to Saint Petersburg. Natalja married Pushchkin in May 1857. He died two years later. Natalja went back to Marjino.

Natalja fell ill, died in 1869 and was buried in Moscow's Pokrovsky Monastery. Her grave has not been preserved.

Natalja as a prototype

Some literary scholars believe that Pushkin designed his Tatjana Larina in Eugene Onegin after Natalja. Tolstoy wanted to write The Decembrists in 1856 and favored Natalja as one of the female protagonists. And Dostoyevsky may have taken Natalja as a model for his Sonja Marmeladova in guilt and atonement .

literature

  • Princess Maria Volkonskaya : Memories. Title of the Russian original: Записки княгини М. Н. Волконской. Epilogue, notes and translated into German by Lieselotte Remané . Re-seals: Martin Remané. Buchverlag Der Morgen, Berlin 1978 (1st edition, 168 pages)

source

  • Entry at hrono.ru/biograf (Russian)

Web links

Commons : Natalja Dmitrijewna Fonwisina  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ see for example entry at Zeno.org
  2. ↑ Russian Дмитрий Акимович Апухтин
  3. ↑ Russian Апухтины (дворянский род)
  4. ↑ Russian Костромской уезд
  5. ↑ Russian Фонвизин, Павел Иванович
  6. ↑ on the relationship see 3rd sentence in the Russian article Фонвизин, Павел Иванович
  7. ↑ Russian Крюково
  8. ↑ Russian Читинский острог
  9. ↑ Volkonskaya, p. 82, 8. Zvo
  10. ↑ Russian Бобрищев-Пушкин, Павел Сергеевич
  11. ↑ Russian Покровский монастырь (Москва)
personal data
SURNAME Fonwisina, Natalja Dmitrievna
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Фонвизина, Наталья Дмитриевна (Cyrillic)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Wife of the Decembrist Mikhail Alexandrovich Fonwisin
DATE OF BIRTH April 13, 1803
DATE OF DEATH October 22, 1869
Place of death Moscow