Mikhail Alexandrovich Fonwisin
Mikhail Aleksandrovich Fonvizin (German Michael meadows , Russian Михаил Александрович Фонвизин , scientific. Transliteration Mikhail Aleksandrovich Fonvizin born August 20, jul. / 31 August 1787 greg. In village Marjino, district Bronnitsy , Moscow Gubernia ; † April 30 jul. / May 12, 1854 greg. Ibid) was a Russian major general, Saint-Simonist , writer and Decembrist .
Life
Mikhail Fonwisin's ancestors, nobles of German origin from Livonia , spelled von Wiesen's surnames before they were Russified .
student
The son of Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Ivanovich Fonwisin (1749-1819) and his wife Yekaterina Mikhailovna (1750-1823) were first taught by private tutors, then attended the Petri School and then enrolled at Moscow University .
military
On May 26, 1801 he began his military career as an ensign in the Preobrazhensk body guard regiment . In 1805 he took part in the Third Coalition War and received his first order after Austerlitz - that of St. Anne . On November 7, 1808, Mikhail Fonwisin became a lieutenant . In Finland he fought against Sweden as an adjutant to General Yermolov . During the Patriotic War he fought near Vitebsk in 1812 and was wounded near Smolensk . In the same year he fought with Borodino , Malojaroslawez , Krasnoye and the Berezina . For this he received the next three medals. Towards the end of 1812 he was used as a commander in partisan warfare and was promoted to first lieutenant on January 20, 1813 .
In 1813 he took part in the battles near Lützen , Bautzen , Kulm and Leipzig . Michail Fonwisin became a captain on July 17th and colonel on December 5th .
In 1814 he was a regiment skommandeur in the battle of Bar-sur-Aube wounded and was was captured by the French. The Prussians awarded Michail Fonwisin the Kulm Cross after his liberation .
In the meantime he returned home to Russia, but was ordered back to Metz and Thionville during the Hundred Days from June 1, 1815 - again as regimental commander . Mikhail Fonwisin served under Prince Vorontsov until 1816 .
From early summer 1817 he commanded a grenadier regiment and then several other regiments until autumn 1819. Alexander I praised him. On February 19, 1820, Mikhail Fonwisin became major general and commanded a brigade of the 6th Russian Infantry Division . After commanding another brigade, he said goodbye to the troops on December 25, 1822.
Decembrist
In Moscow, as a Freemason , Mikhail Fonwisin had participated in the preparation of the Decembrist revolt since 1817, but had not been active in the matter since 1823. In spite of this, the pensioner was arrested on January 9, 1826 at his Krjukowo estate and taken to the Peter and Paul Fortress . The sentence - twelve years of Katorga - was reduced to eight years on August 22, 1826.
Released to Siberia from the Petersburg fortress on January 21, 1827 , he arrived at Ostrog Chita on March 7 . In 1828 his wife Natalja Dmitrijewna followed him there. The couple's next stop was the Katorga Peter hut in September 1830 . In this prison, Michail Fonwisin found time for historical and philosophical studies. Natalja gave birth to two children in Peter Hut. On October 8, 1832, Mikhail Fonwisin was released from custody and the Yeniseisk was designated as the place of forced resettlement. On March 20, 1834, he arrived in Yeniseisk. On March 3, 1835, he was allowed to go to Krasnoyarsk , but he did not leave Yeniseisk before December 1835. In October 1837, he was allowed to move to Tobolsk . He arrived there on August 6, 1838. During the Tobolsk cholera epidemic in 1848, the Fonwisin couple cared for the sick. In addition, it worked in the city with school education. On February 13, 1853, Michail Fonwisin was allowed to leave for his homeland. He was not allowed to travel to Moscow or Saint Petersburg. He left Tobolsk on April 15, 1853 and arrived at his birthplace on May 12. Michail Fonwisin lived in Marjino under strict police supervision with his brother.
He was buried in the Bronnizy cemetery next to the cathedral.
Further awards
- Order of Saint Vladimir
- Golden weapon for bravery
foreign countries
- Prussia: Pour le Mérite
Works (selection)
- On political life in Russia - "Обозрение проявлений политической жизни в России"
- About the bondage of the Russian peasant - "О крепостном состоянии земледельцев в России"
- About communism and socialism - "О коммунизме и социализме" 1849–1851
- Memory of my youth - "Одно из воспоминаний моей молодости, 1807 г." Russkaja Starina 1881, part XXXI
- Fonwisin's memoirs - "Записки Фонвизина". Leipzig 1861
- Outline of Russian History - "Очерки русской истории". Russkaya Starina 1884, part XLII
- Draft constitution . Moscow 1907
- Zhitomirskaia (ed.), Mironenko (ed.): Works and letters (Сочинения и письма). East Siberian Publishing House Irkutsk 1979
literature
- Princess Maria Volkonskaya : Memories. Title of the Russian original: Записки княгини М. Н. Волконской. Epilogue, notes and translated into German by Lieselotte Remané . Re-seals: Martin Remané. Buchverlag Der Morgen, Berlin 1978 (1st edition, 168 pages)
Web links
- Entry at hrono.ru/biograf (Russian)
- Entry at dic.academic.ru (Russian)
- Entry at slovari.yandex.ru (Russian)
- Entry at oldmikk.ru (Russian)
- Entry in the Decembrist Museum (Russian)
- 2013: Marina Alexejewna Achina, Historical Museum of the City of Bronnitsy: Entry on proza.ru (Russian)
Individual evidence
- ↑ see for example entry at Zeno.org
- ↑ Russian Крюково
- ↑ Russian Читинский острог
- ↑ Volkonskaya, p. 82, 8. Zvo
- ↑ Russian Золотое оружие «За храбрость»
- ↑ Entry in WorldCat
- ↑ Russian Сочинения и письма Entry in WorldCat
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Fonwisin, Mikhail Alexandrovich |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Фонвизин, Михаил Александрович (Cyrillic); Fonvizin, Michail A .; Fonwisin, Michail A. |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Russian major general, Saint-Simonist, writer and Decembrist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | August 31, 1787 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Village Marjino, district Bronnitsy , Moscow Gubernia |
| DATE OF DEATH | May 12, 1854 |
| Place of death | Village Marjino, district Bronnitsy , Moscow Gubernia |