Nawahrudak

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Nawahrudak | Novogrudok
Навагрудак | Новогрудок
( Belarus. ) | ( Russian )
coat of arms
coat of arms
flag
flag
State : BelarusBelarus Belarus
Woblasz : Flag of Hrodna Voblasts.svg Hrodna
Coordinates : 53 ° 35 '  N , 25 ° 49'  E Coordinates: 53 ° 35 '  N , 25 ° 49'  E
Height : 292  m
 
Residents : 29,300 (2010)
Time zone : Moscow time ( UTC + 3 )
Telephone code : (+375) 1597
Postal code : 231400
License plate : 4th
 
Website :
Nawahrudak (Belarus)
Nawahrudak
Nawahrudak

Nawahrudak ( . White russ Навагрудак or - ancient - Наваградак / navahrudak , russ. Новогрудок / Novogrudok ., Polish Nowogródek , Lithuanian Naugardukas ) is a town of about 29,300 inhabitants (2010) in western Belarus in Grodno Region . It is the headquarters and the largest town in Nawahrudak Raion .

history

The city came under the control of the Kievan Rus at the end of the 10th century . After their disintegration by the attacks of the Mongols in the 13th century, the area came under the rule of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania . In 1444 Nowogródek received city ​​rights under Magdeburg law . Nowogródek developed into the most important city of Black Ruthenia , so that it finally became the seat of a voivodeship in 1507 and one of the courts of justice of Lithuania in 1581 within the Polish-Lithuanian aristocratic republic, which was redesigned by the Union of Lublin in 1569.

As a result of the third partition of Poland in 1795, the city belonged to the Russian Empire as the seat of a district administration in the Minsk governorate . After 1918/1921 Nowogródek fell to the Second Polish Republic and again became the capital of the Nowogródek Voivodeship of the same name .

The Red Army , which moved in as a result of the German-Soviet non-aggression pact in September 1939, kept the city under control as part of the Belarusian SSR until the German attack on the Soviet Union in 1941. On July 3, 1941, Einsatzgruppe B murdered around 100 Jews in Nawahrudak. During the German conquest in 1943 the sisters of the Holy Family of Nazareth were shot in Nowogródek . Today Nawahrudak is known among historians above all for the center of the Jewish partisan movement of the Bielski brothers . 350 Jews escaped from the ghetto through a self-dug tunnel, most of whom subsequently survived in the Naliboki forest with the help of the Bielski brothers . These included the ancestors of Jared Kushner , Donald Trump's son-in-law . For decades, this story was largely unknown in the village and in the country, also due to the historiography under President Aljaksandr Lukashenka , which until recently was still Soviet , which conceals the Jewish origin of the victims. In the meantime, various monuments to individual victims and those who were rescued are being built on the site of the city's former ghetto. The tunnel has also been discovered in the meantime and is to be archaeologically processed. After the reconquest in 1944, the political classification of 1939 was restored.

The synagogue , built in 1648, was set on fire during World War II and the ruins were finally demolished after the war.

Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Nawahrudak has belonged to the independent state of Belarus .

coat of arms

Description: A blue-winged man dressed in black with a silver sword in his right hand and a silver balance beam in his left hand stands en face (facing the viewer) in red on the green arched base of the shield .

Population and culture

Communication in Nawahrudak takes place in Belarusian and Russian . There are Orthodox and Catholic services. A minority of Muslim Lipka Tatars who own a mosque also live in the city.

Attractions

Town twinning

people

  • Adam Mickiewicz (1798–1855), Polish national poet, was baptized in 1799 in Nawahrudak. He was born on December 24, 1798 in Zaosie, a village south of the city. He spent his childhood in Nawahruadak and experienced first the brilliant invasion in 1812 and a few months later the terrible misery of the defeated Napoleonic soldiers.
  • Alexander Harkavy 1863–1939, born in Nawahrudak, became a writer , lexicographer and linguist . Especially after his emigration to the USA, he made a contribution to researching and cultivating the Yiddish language.
  • The Jewish brothers Bielski, with the first names Tuvia (1906–1987), Asael (1908–1945), Alexander Zeisal (1912–1995) and Aharon (born July 12, 1927), born in Stankiewicze, a village nearby, founded 1941/42 the Bielski partisans .
  • Lazar Gulkowitsch (1898–1941), Jewish philologist, born in Zirin.

literature

  • Nowogródek , in: Guy Miron (Ed.): The Yad Vashem encyclopedia of the ghettos during the Holocaust . Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 2009 ISBN 978-965-308-345-5 , p. 528ff.

Web links

Commons : Navahrudak  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. Mark Alexander: Nazi Collaborators, American Intelligence, and the Cold War. The Case of the Byelorussian Central Council. University of Vermont Graduate College Dissertations and Theses, No. 424, 2015, p. 39.
  2. Jared Kushner's family is a legend in this Belarus town. In: The Times of Israel. July 10, 2017. Retrieved October 19, 2017 .
  3. Jared Kushner's family is a legend in this Belarus town. In: The Times of Israel. July 10, 2017. Retrieved October 19, 2017 .
  4. Belarus: By decree. The state, historians and schools are beginning to take an interest in the Holocaust. In: Jüdische Allgemeine. March 31, 2011, accessed October 19, 2017 .
  5. In online maps there is only one Stankiewicze / Станкевічы (53.2954198 N, 25.9767115 O) to the southeast. The coordinates given in some WPs to the northwest in Lida Rajon lead nowhere, as is the alleged current name Vuhli. Was the place of birth erased by the Wehrmacht? To the north-west of Nawahrudak lie the great forests into which the partisans withdrew.