Necati Cumalı

Necati Cumalı (born January 13, 1921 in Florina , Greece , † January 10, 2001 in Istanbul , Turkey ) was a Turkish author of novels, plays, essays and poems, who was born in West Macedonia . He is considered one of the most famous Turkish writers of the time of the Turkish Republic of the 20th century.

Life

Necati Cumalı was the eldest son with five siblings of a Turkish family living in Western Macedonia. After the Treaty of Lausanne (1923) as a result of the Greek-Turkish war took place forced resettlement measures led Cumalıs family to Urla near Izmir . Here and in Izmir, he received the school education and then went to Ankara to Ankara University to the Faculty of Law ( Ankara Üniversitesi Fakültesi Hukuk ) Law to study; here he successfully graduated in 1941. In Izmir and Urla he worked as a lawyer until 1957, from 1958 to 1959 at the Turkish Consulate General in Paris, then until 1963 as editor and lecturer at Radio Istanbul ( TRT İstanbul Radyosu ).

Cumalı began to write poetry while still a student and to publish it in magazines such as Varlık (Existence) and Servet-i Fünûn . In 1943 his first volume of poetry Kizilçullu Yolu was published . Cumali was in contact with representatives of the Turkish poet group Garip , the First New or Birinci Yeni , and their main representatives Orhan Veli , Oktay Rifat and poets such as Nurullah Ataç and Cahit Sıtkı Tarancı , with whom he lived temporarily in the same house, who influenced each other .

While Sabahattin Ali is considered to be the first Turkish writer to make the rural population the subject of his works, it became a separate, new literary movement in the early 1950s, which included topics such as in the socially critical "village novel", but also a linguistic departure from the previous Ottoman one Literature formulated. The new big cities with their social change formed a further thematic field, whereby Cumalı is more likely to be attributed to the Turkish intelligentsia that grouped in medium-sized cities like Izmir.

His travels from 1967 to Macedonia, the United States, the Soviet Union, Bulgaria, Iran, Greece, Germany, the Czech Republic and Finland also influenced the creation of his works.

Cumalı died of liver cancer in Istanbul three days before his eightieth birthday and was buried in the Zincirlikuyu Cemetery (Zincirlikuyu Mezarlıği).

His library was bequeathed to the university library of the Koç Üniversitesi ( Koç Üniversitesi Suna Kiraç Kütüphanesi ).

Services

Cumalı takes his subjects from reality, often newspaper reports were sufficient for him as starting material, only for the late work Des Balkans last Bey he declared that this was fictional. He published approx. 15 volumes of short stories and novels, over 20 plays and a multitude of poems.

In the literary reception, his portrayal of women in Turkish society is particularly emphasized. Janet Browning wrote after an interview with him in 1979: When I spoke to Necati Cumalı he explained his view that sexual oppression is at the root of Turkey's social problems, and that until such oppression is removed true civilization will not be possible. ( ... that sexual oppression is at the root of Turkey's social problems, and that until such oppression is removed, true civilization is not possible. ).

Browning then explains this with the play Mine (published 1959, performed in Istanbul in 1960), in which the protagonist, Mine, a beautiful, but somewhat colorless, ordinary young woman, with a man (the older station master Cemil), whom she did not choose herself, is married, whose love cannot attain, yet remains faithful to him. She resents his way of treating her only physically and cannot resist a new love for the İlham who has come to the village, who sees her as a whole person, as she can no longer show any loyalty for a man who she is valued solely as an object. Concerned about marrying İlham, who, in her opinion, was only acting out of decency, she asks him to leave her and the place, but meanwhile the excitement in the population is growing with more and more slanders, an admirer who has been rejected by her throws him first stone on her, whereupon she shoots him; Almost at the same time, the return of İlham is announced, who has decided to tear her out of her old marriage and take her with him, for which it is now too late. Cumalı received inspiration from a provincial newspaper from 1949, according to which a woman shot her father-in-law.

As of 2013, the International Film Database (IMDb) counted a total of 14 film adaptations of his works, of which Trockener Sommer (Original: Susuz Yaz) from 1964, which won a Silver Bear at the Berlinale, should be highlighted .

Awards

In 1957 he received the Sait Faik Hikâye Armağanı literary prize for his work Değisik Gözle from 1956; 1969 Award (Sanat Dalinda) of the Turkish Language Association for the poetry book yağmurlu Deniz , 1977 again the Sait Faik Literature Prize for Makedonya 1900 , 1984 Yeditepe Şiir Ödülü (Yeditepe Poetry Prize) for the collection of poems Bütün şiirleri , 1995, Yunus -Nadi Prize , the Orhan Kemal Roman Armağanı and the 1st prize at the Ömer Asım Aksoy Ödülü for the novel Viran Dağlar , for his theatrical work he received the Tiyatro Yazarlar Derneği Onur Ödülü , most recently in 2001 the poetry award of the Türkiye PEN Yazarlar Derneği .

Works

stories

• 1955: Yalnız Kadın
• 1956: Değisik Gözle
• 1962: Susuz Yaz (filmed in 1964, German title: Trockener Sommer )
• 1969: Ay Büyürken Uyuyamam (made into a film in 2011, German title: Sleepless with a waxing moon )
• 1976: Makedonya 1900 (filmed in 1977 under the title: Dilâ Hanim )
• 1976: Kente İnen Kaplanlar
• 1979: Yakubun Koyunları
• 1979: Revizyonist
• 1981: Aylı Bıçak (published again in 1991 under the title: Uzun Bir Gece )

Novels

• 1956: Tütün Zamanı
• 1973: Yağmurlar ve Topraklar
• 1974: Acı Tütün
• 1975: Aşk Da Gezer
• 1990: Üç Minik Serçem
• 1994: Viran Dağlar (German 2010 under the title: Des Balkans letzte Bey , adapted in 2001 for the first episode of the ARTE series Le dernier Seigneur des Balkans )

Plays

• 1949: Boş Beşik (filmed in 1952 and 1969)
• 1959: Mine (filmed in 1985)
• 1962: Nalınla
• 1963: Derya Gülü (published in English under: Sea rose )

From 1969 to 1977 a six-volume edition of his plays was published by Imbat Yayınları, Istanbul:

• • Oyunlar 1: Boş Beşik, Ezik Otlar, Vur Emri (1969)
  • Oyunlar 2: Susuz Yaz, Tehlikeli Güvercin, Yeni Çikan Şarkılar Ya da Juliette (1969)
  • Oyunlar 3: Nalınlar, Masalar, Kaynana Ciğeri (1969)
  • Oyunlar 4: Derya Gülü, Ask Duvari, Zorla Ispanyol (1969)
  • Oyunlar 5: Gömü, Bakani Bekliyoruz, Kristof Kolomb'un Yumurtasi (1973)
  • Oyunlar 6: Mine, Yürüyen Geceyi Dinle, İş Karar Vermekte (1977)
• 1981: Yaralı Geyik
• 1983: Dün Neredeydiniz
• 1990: Vatan Diye Diye
• 1992: Devetabanı

Poems

• 1943: Kızılçullu Yolu
• 1945: Harbe Gidenin Şarkıları
• 1947: Mayıs Ayı Notları
• 1951: Güzel Aydınlık
• 1954: Denizin İlk Yükselişi
• 1955: İmbatla gels
• 1957: Güneş Çizgisi
• 1968: Yağmurlu Deniz
• 1970: Başaklar give
• 1974: Ceylan Ağıdı
• 1980: Aç Güneş
• 1981: Bozkırda Bir Atlı
• 1982: Yarasın Beyler
• 1983: Bütün Şiirleri

Collections of the poems were published by Can Yayınları in Istanbul under the titles: Aşklar ve Yalnızlıklar (Volume 1, 1986) and Kısmeti Kapalı Gençlik (Volume 2, 1986).

German have appeared from him

• Karakolda. Translated from Turkish and pictures Mustafa Aslier. Ernst-Engel-Presse, Stuttgart-Weilimdorf 1957.
• Wooden clogs. Comedy. German: Cornelius Bischoff. Ministry of Culture, Ankara 1993, ISBN 975-17-1017-0 .
• The man from Akhisar. Poems, stories. Translated from Turkish by Hülya Engin . Kitab, Klagenfurt / Vienna 2007, ISBN 978-3-902005-63-2 .
• The last bey of the Balkans. Novel. From the Turkish by Selma Türkis Noyan. Kitab, Klagenfurt / Vienna 2010, ISBN 978-3-902585-30-1 . (Original Turkish title: Viran dağlar . Makedonya 1900 ).

Translated from German into Turkish by him

• Gottfried Keller: Yedi efsane. Millî Egitim Basımevi 1946. (Original German title: Seven Legends ).
• Theodor Sturm: Meşe ağaçli köşk. Sakarya Basimevi, Ankara 1946. (German original title: Eekenhof ).

literature

• Deniz Kocabiyik: Necati Cumali'nin romanlarinda ve hikayelerinde yapi ve tema. Afyonkocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Afyonkarahisar, 2006. ( digitized version ). (Dissertation on the topic: Structure and subject of the novels and stories Necati Cumalis, Turkish).
• Tamer Temel: Necati Cumali'nin Oyunlarindaki Kadin Character Incelenmesi. Ataturk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Erzurum 2007. ( digitized version ). (Dissertation on the topic: Analysis of the female characters in Necati Cumalis plays, Turkish)

Web links

• Literature by and about Necati Cumalı in the catalog of the German National Library
• Literature by and about Necati Cumalı in the bibliographic database WorldCat
• Nemcati Cumali in the Internet Movie Database (English)
• Necati Cumalı in the Encyclopaedia Britannica

Individual evidence

1. ↑ List of donations (English, Turkish; accessed June 7, 2013).
2. ↑ Tamer Temel: Necati Cumali'nin Oyunlarindaki Kadin Character Incelenmesi. Ataturk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Erzurum 2007 ( digitized version ( memento of the original from April 14, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove it Note. ), Turkish, accessed June 7, 2013. 
3. ↑ ^{a b} Janet Browning: Some Aspects of the Portrayal of Women in Modern Turkish Literature. In: Bulletin British Society for Middle Eastern Studies. Volume 6, No. 2, 1979, pp. 109–115, here: p. 113. ( JSTOR Stable URL ), accessed on June 6, 2013.
4. ↑ Christa-Ursula Spuler: The Turkish Drama of the Present. A literary historical study. In: The world of Islam. New series Volume 11, 1968, pp. 1–219, here: pp. 103–104. ( JSTOR Stable URL ). Retrieved June 7, 2013.
5. ↑ Dila Hanım in the Internet Movie Database (English).
6. ↑ see the information at Worldcat.org
7. ↑ Information from the sender ( Memento of the original from August 19, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.