New Residence (Salzburg)

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New residence, seen from Mönchsberg

The New Residence in Salzburg's old town , once also called Palazzo Nuovo , was built by Prince Archbishop Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau in the east of Salzburg Cathedral . The ecclesiastical prince, then the richest in the entire Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation , began this first building project in 1588 after the demolition of the town houses and canons there. Construction was suspended between 1592 and around 1597. The tracts around the northern courtyard were then completed around 1602. Later there were wings around another southern courtyard.

Initially, the first wing of the New Residence served as the residence of the Prince Archbishop's brothers. Perhaps this building was also intended as a later permanent private accommodation for the prince himself. In 1600 the regent moved his siblings into this house despite the ongoing construction work. When two brothers of the archbishop left the city after 1600 - probably after a previous internal dispute within the family - the intended use also changed. The building has now been used for public purposes. It was presumably also intended as a representative hostel for foreign princes.

Today the New Residence is the seat of the Salzburg Museum , the Salzburg Heimatwerk is housed there, and it is also known for the Salzburg Glockenspiel , a historical percussion.

The new Residenzplatz planned by Scamozzi in 1604

The planning for the Residenzplatz by Vincenzo Scamozzi envisaged - unlike today - an orientation towards the main entrance to the Scamozzi Cathedral, which faces north-south (!) And which is connected to the Old Residence (in the west) by an arcade. as well as with the New Residence (in the east) should be connected. One should be able to go from one residence to the other via this arcade - as is the case today through the cathedral arches . That is why - presumably - the Piano Nobile is located in the Neue Residenz on the second floor and the staircase is moved slightly to the side from the center of the building.

The facades of the New Residence

There is a thesis that the facades of the New Residence, similar to the architecture around the garden of the Dietrichsruh or the main courtyard of the Residence, should be designed primarily with pilasters . These vertical elements had the task of counteracting the low-tension width of the overall structure. The windows should be crowned by alternating pointed and segmented gables ; the first parts of the facade already had this shape. According to Wolf Dietrich's request, the four corners of the building were decorated with the coats of arms of his grandparents: those of the Medici , Hohenems, Raitenau and Sirgenstein families .

The tower of the New Residence (carillon tower since 1702)

The tower with the carillon

Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau placed the tower of the New Residence in front of the building and was originally 5-storey. At first it had a flat pyramid roof with a small drum dome attached . The tower was planned exactly above the planned arcade in the cathedral and the old residence. This passage resulted in the tower not being erected exactly in the center of the facade.

In 1701 Archbishop Johann Ernst von Thun added an octagonal structure with open arched arcades for the carillon , which is crowned by a dome roof. In 1702 the 35 bells of the Antwerp foundry Melchior des Haze (1688–89) were delivered with their musical mechanism; the Salzburg court watchmaker Jeremias Sauter then put these parts together. The three arcades directly in front of the tower (northern yokes) date from the time of Johann Ernst von Thun, the continuation of these arcades to the south from around 1860.

The carillon sounds three times a day. More than 100 different pieces of music have been recorded. These are generated by a play roller, which consists of 24 brass plates with 7,974 holes for the pins that trigger the levers ( claves ) of the hammer.

The New Residence throughout history

In the second half of the 17th century, the New Residence was used on the one hand as a courtyard building and on the other hand as a building for the Hohe Salzburger Landschaft. The armory was housed in one part .

Instead of the former garden enclosed by a wall, Max Gandolf von Kuenburg had the Kuenburg wing built around another courtyard. The prince-archbishop's court library was then housed on the first floor for a long time. On the second floor was the hereditary office, whose wooden coffered ceiling with its acantus carvings from 1680 has been preserved. Archbishop Colloredo had the armory in the New Residence cleared in 1786 and most of the wing rebuilt for administrative purposes.

After 1803 the new residence was used as a dicastral building and in the k. k. Monarchy as the administrative building of the court camera officer. In 1824 the city and land law, the mining and saltworks management, the tax office, the book revision office, the camera pay office and the state property inspection were housed here.

In 1850 official rooms were created here for the new Crown Land of Salzburg, which also included a new state parliament hall and rooms for the regional court. In addition, the post office and telegraph office were accommodated. After 1890, the New Residence was also formally given the status of a government building, and that did not change during the First Republic. The rooms around the southeast corner including the former state hall sala grande were destroyed by a bomb attack by the US and British air forces in 1944, only the outer walls largely remained. After the end of the war, the wing was cleared down to the ground floor and rebuilt.

The office of the Salzburg provincial government was later mainly housed in the building . After 1990 (after several unsuccessful attempts) the museum concept was decided by the city and state of Salzburg. After the authorities moved into other adapted buildings, renovation work began in 2003 in the New Residence. On May 1, 2007, the Salzburg Museum Carolino-Augusteum was renamed the Salzburg Museum and on June 1, 2007 the location was newly adapted for this purpose with the exhibition Viva! Mozart opened.

The city and state of Salzburg invested a total of 19.1 million euros in the Salzburg Museum.

The preserved state rooms from around 1602

Detail of the ceiling in the Tugendsaal (around 1602)

On the second floor of the west wing are the state rooms, some with wooden ceilings, some with mirror vaults and richly colored stucco decoration, which is attributed to Elia Castello around 1602 (inscribed date in the state hall).

The following rooms are enumerated consecutively from south to north counter-clockwise; the names are more recent. The bishop's hall has a brown wooden coffered ceiling with oval and three-pass fields, in the middle of which there is a particularly richly designed coat of arms of Wolf Dietrich. The full-length portraits of all archbishops from Markus Sittikus to Colloredo, from which the name of the hall is derived, used to be located here.

The Tugendensaal is a rectangular room with a stucco coffered ceiling showing allegorical figures. The three theological virtues fill the middle fields , while the four cardinal virtues are shown in the side gusset fields. The portals from the time of Wolf Dietrich are also remarkable.

Detail of the ceiling in the Gloriensaal (around 1602)

The Gloriensaal , which connects to the west, has a square floor plan. Here on the ceiling there is a representation of the gloriole with music-making and cheering choirs of angels around the sign of God. The central picture is surrounded by four rectangular fields with the representations of the Annunciation, the Visitation, the adoration of the baby Jesus by the shepherds and the offering in the temple.

The Estates Hall (around 1602)

The Ständesaal , a corner room facing Mozartplatz, shows ancient representations of exemplary self-sacrificing behavior: Horatius Cocles holds up the enemies who are urging the Tiber Bridge while the Romans tear down the bridge, Gaius Mucius Scaevola puts his hand into the fire in front of King Porsenna, Marcus Curtius jumps into the flaming abyss. Five surrounding medallions show busts. The year 1602 can be found here.

General room (around 1602)

The general room adjoining to the east with the central coat of arms of Wolf Dietrich on a gold mosaic background is framed by four half-figure representations of Charlemagne , Gottfried von Bouillon , Charles V and Juan de Austria .

A domed room follows the general's room, originally perhaps a bathroom . The room has an oval dome with ceramic mosaic and four stucco angels with palm branches.

Also noteworthy is the rest of a splendid wooden coffered ceiling in the early Baroque style above the smaller sala seconda , a hall in the southeast of the Wolf-Dietrich building, which once belonged to the sala grande .

literature

  • Gerhard Ammerer , Ingonda Hannesschläger, Jan Paul Niederkorn, Wolfgang Wüst (eds.): Courts and residences of clergy princes. Structures, regions and Salzburg's example in the Middle Ages and modern times. (Residency research, 24). Ostfildern 2010, ISBN 978-3-7995-4527-3 .
  • Bernd Euler, Ronald Gobiet, Horst Huber: Dehio Salzburg - City and Country . Verlag Anton Schroll & Co, Vienna 1986, ISBN 3-7031-0599-2 .
  • Margareta Rottensteiner: The work of the Castelli family for the Salzburg court under Prince Archbishop Wolf Dietrich and the importance of them in the state rooms of the new building . In: Gerhard Ammerer; Ingonda Hannesschläger (Ed.): Strategies of Power. Court and residence in Salzburg around 1600 - architecture, representation and administration under Prince Archbishop Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau 1587 to 1611/12. Salzburg 2011, pp. 404-436.
  • The new residence in Salzburg. From Palazzo Nuovo to the Salzburg Museum . Annual publication of the Salzburg Museum Carolino Augusteum. Salzburg 2003, ISBN 3-901014-96-9 .
  • Georg Seunig: The urban development of the city of Salzburg under Prince Archbishop Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau (1587-1612) . Diss. (Zurich) 1981.
  • FW Zillner: History of the City of Salzburg . Special volumes of the Society for Salzburg Regional Studies. Salzburg 1885. (New edition: 1985, DNB 551619767 )

Web links

Commons : Neue Residenz  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Rottensteiner 2011.
  2. ^ Wolfhart Fally: Public time displays in Salzburg. In: Bastei - The magazine of the Salzburg City Association. 68th year, 2019, pp. 4–10.
  3. ↑ Rottensteiner 2011.

Coordinates: 47 ° 47 ′ 54.4 "  N , 13 ° 2 ′ 51"  E