New Market (Rostock)
The new market in Rostock is next to the old market and the hop market (today university square ) one of the three former marketplaces of the Hanseatic city .
location
It is part of the historic Mittelstadt . With a floor plan of 90 × 80 meters, almost square, today Kröpeliner Straße , Lange Straße , Glatte Aal , Große Wasserstraße and Steinstraße flow into the Neuer Markt . The Große Scharrenstrasse is connected to the Neuer Markt via a pedestrian passage. Together with the alley near the Marienkirche, which today is another street, and the no longer existing Ortsund , these seven streets - without Lange Straße - were among the once proverbial seven Rostock landmarks. Since Rostock was originally made up of the three sub-towns, the old, middle and new town, there was a market square with a town hall and a nearby parish church in each sub-town.
history
The new market in the middle town quickly crystallized into the economic center of medieval Rostock, accordingly the middle town town hall on the east side became the town hall of the whole town, the near Marienkirche main parish church. That is why the Neuer Markt was also the residence of the urban upper class, who had magnificent gabled houses built on all sides. These houses were rebuilt from the 18th to the early 20th century in a baroque, classical and historical style. A court was held in front of the town hall, and in the middle of the square there was a kaak , that is, a stake. Also witch burnings took place there, especially in the early modern period. Until 1841 there was also a distribution well ( water art ) of the Mittelstädtischer Born on the square . The Rostock tram has been running continuously across the Neuer Markt since 1881 .
The four-night bombardment by the British Air Force at the end of April 1942 completely destroyed the south side of the Neuer Markt; on the north side, only three of the original ten houses remained. The town hall and two gabled houses adjoining it to the south remained undamaged on the east side. Only on the west side south of Kröpeliner Straße did a noteworthy ensemble of buildings remain.
After the Second World War, a war-related vacant lot on the Glatten Aal was closed, but the remaining houses on the north side were demolished in 1959 in order to connect the Lange Straße, which was rebuilt as a monumental thoroughfare, directly with the Neuer Markt as a parade route for political rallies. The entire quarter that was once connected to the north of the square, formed from the north side of the Neuer Markt, the street near the Marienkirche, the south side of the Vogelsangs and Am Schilde or Ortsund, was not rebuilt, so that today's Neuer Markt in the north is optically bounded by the north side of the Vogelsang, which today appears to be an unsatisfactory solution with regard to urban development contexts. At the place of the houses on the north side there is now a lawn and a place for flagpoles. Was built on the northeast side of 1951/52 after a design by Wolfgang Rauda and Hermann Henselmann the Town Hall cultivation , the war destroyed houses at the transition to defunct of locations and replaced. On the south (west) side, the main post office was built with an arcade and stylized gables. The Neuer Markt, which served as a car park during the GDR era and was named Ernst-Thälmann-Platz from 1952 to 1991 , was closed to normal motor traffic in 2004, paved with cobblestones and is now a pedestrian zone. Market has been held here again since the redesign.
Development on the north side
Over and over again, plans for rebuilding the north side of the Neuer Markt were discussed, through which the once closed spatial impression of the square could be restored. In 2014, a committee of the Hanseatic City of Rostock initially selected an urban design by the Berlin architectural office “Smaq” from several designs for the development of the north side and three surrounding quarters north and east of the town hall. This provided for the restoration of most of the historical street structures. In place of the Ortsund , another small square is planned that will lead directly into the Neuer Markt, from which a (historically non-existent) alley will lead the tram route to Langen Strasse. The building complex planned between this square and the Marienkirche is to be equipped with five gables facing the Neuer Markt, which does not correspond to the historical fragmentation of the north row with originally eight gables. A referendum on the development was rejected by the Rostock citizens. In surveys conducted by the Ostsee-Zeitung , the participants voted by a large majority in favor of restoring the historic gabled houses.
Gabled houses worth seeing
Neuer Markt 9/10 These gabled houses are buildings that were modeled on their predecessors, which were destroyed in the war in the 1950s.
Neuer Markt 11 There is a narrow, green-washed gabled house that was redesigned in the baroque style at the end of the 18th century .
Neuer Markt 12 There is a strikingly wide, whitewashed house in the neo-renaissance style . It is essentially medieval and was given its present form in 1874.
Neuer Markt 13 This house also dates from the Middle Ages, but has been rebuilt in the late Baroque style. The Ratsapotheke has been based here since 1789 .
Neuer Markt 14 This yellow-washed corner house on Kröpeliner Straße has a classicist facade, but is also essentially medieval.
Neuer Markt 15 This originally modest gabled house was crowned in Neo- Tudor style around 1860 , which was popularly known as the tiled stove . After being severely damaged in the war in 1942, it was given its current historicizing facade in 1965, which was adapted to the other buildings.
Neuer Markt 16 With its Renaissance facade from 1600, which is rare in Rostock , this house has the oldest gable on the Neuer Markt. The building was estimated to have been erected around 1280 and remodeled around 1600. It was badly damaged in the air raid in 1942 and rebuilt in 1965. Since 1936 the building has been known as the "Burwitz" in Rostock. The property was renovated from 2008 to 2010 and is now home to a restaurant with the same name. Inside the house, crowned by a lion, can be seen painted beams from 1635.
Neuer Markt 17/18 These houses facing the Marienkirche are historicizing new buildings.
Neuer Markt 33/34 (now Neuer Markt 1a) These houses south of the town hall are new buildings from 1910/11 and 1920/21. Number 34 (new intermediate building on Große Wasserstraße) has a copy of a Renaissance sandstone portal, the original of which was recovered in 1910 when the previous building was demolished. The houses are used by the city administration.
Interestingly, the postal numbering of the addresses from the pre-war period has been retained, so that one will search in vain for the addresses Neuer Markt 19 to Neuer Markt 28 , as these refer to the houses on the north side.
literature
- Ernst Münch , Ralf Mulsow: The old Rostock and its streets. Redieck & Schade publishing house, Rostock 2006, ISBN 3-934116-57-4 .
- Heinrich Trost (ed.), Gerd Baier et al. (Ed.): The architectural and art monuments in the Mecklenburg coastal region. Henschelverlag, Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-362-00523-3 , p. 346 ff.
Web links
- Video documentation of the Rostock Neuer Markt , from the series "Zeitreise" at MV1
Individual evidence
- ^ New market in Rostock: SMAQ master plan , Baunetz , October 6, 2014
- ↑ Nordkante Neuer Markt: This is where the journey goes , Ostsee-Zeitung , November 14, 2013
- ↑ Revision of the urban planning ideas competition for the development of the north side of the Neuer Markt becomes the basis for the further development of the quarter ( memento of the original from September 19, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , rathaus.rostock.de, September 26, 2014, accessed on August 28, 2015
- ↑ Neuer Markt / Rostock , project presentation by SMAQ - architecture urbanism research
- ↑ New gables for the Neuer Markt in Rostock , ndr.de, August 28, 2015, accessed on August 28, 2015
- ^ Neuer Markt Rostock: Nordkante: Do citizens have a say? , Schweriner Volkszeitung , May 11, 2016
- ↑ Gabled houses or glass and steel: How should the north edge of the Neuer Markt in Rostock be designed? und Nordkante: OZ readers want gable houses , survey by the Ostsee-Zeitung , accessed on March 16, 2017
Coordinates: 54 ° 5 ′ 20 ″ N , 12 ° 8 ′ 25 ″ E