Nicolaus Taurellus

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Nicolaus Taurellus

Nicolaus Taurellus (actually Nikolaus Öchslin (Öchslein) ; born November 26, 1547 in Mömpelgard , County of Württemberg-Mömpelgard (today Montbéliard , Doubs department ); † September 28, 1606 in Altdorf near Nuremberg ) was a physician, philosopher, Lutheran theologian and physicist .

Life

Coming from a modest background - his father was the town clerk of Mömpelgard - Taurellus was able to study at the University of Tübingen thanks to a grant from Count Georg I of Württemberg . In 1563 he received his bachelor's degree as a student of Jakob Degen . Two years later, Taurellus was promoted to a master's degree in the philosophy faculty . As such, he moved to the University of Basel to study medicine, which he successfully completed in 1570 with a doctorate .

From 1579 Taurellus worked in Basel as a professor of rhetoric and took over a chair in ethics the following year . At the same time, as a representative of the physician Isaak Cellarius , he took over his medical lectures for a short time. In the same year Taurellus accepted a position at the University of Altdorf , where he became professor of medicine and physics and four times rector. In 1582 the Scholarchen of the academy instructed the prorector Johannes Busereuth to approve the printing for the disputation theses Disputatio medica et philosophica de procreatione hominis (= about the procreation of man) by Nicolaus Taurellus and Martin Solfleisch the Elder. Ä. († 1612) to refuse. They considered the elaboration "far too high and a little shameful". Taurellus finally gave in and presented revised theses De partibus humani corporis (= about parts of the human body) .

In 1578 Taurellus married Katharina Aeschenberger in Basel, the daughter of the Altdorf town clerk Israel Aeschenberger and his wife Anna Wecker . This marriage produced 13 children, only 5 of whom survived. Katharina Aeschenberger died in 1598. In 1599 he married Ursula Haller von Hallerstein , the daughter of a Nuremberg senator.

In 1606 he fell ill with the plague , and Ernst Soner , the doctor treating him, was unable to save his life.

Taurellus was an occasional poet and wrote a work on emblematics . He is considered to be the one who laid the foundation for eclectic philosophy at the University of Altdorf. Konrad Feuerlein , Georg Paul Rötenbeck and Johannes Sturm should also be mentioned in this context .

In terms of reception history, Taurellus' characterization as "the first German philosopher" by Franz Xaver Schmid-Schwarzenberg in a monograph of this title from 1864 was significant .

Works

  • Theses Philosophicae, De Ortu Rationalis Animae . Kauffmann, Nuremberg 1596 ( digitized version )
  • Philosophiae triumphus seu metaphysica philosophandi methodus . Basel 1573
  • Medicae praedictionis methodus . Frankfurt 1581.
  • Carmina Funebria, Quae Magnorum Aliquot, Clarorumque virorum felici memoriae dicavit. Lochner, Nuremberg 1602 ( digitized version )
  • Emblemata Physico-Ethica, Hoc Est: naturae morum moderatricis picta præcepta . Halbmayer, Nuremberg 1617 ( microfiche edition Zug: IDC, 1981); Digitized at the University of Mannheim. May 10, 2004 .;
  • Jakob Wilhelm Feuerlein: Tavrellvs Defensvs: HE Iac. Wilh. Feverlini… Dissertatio Apologetica Pro Nic. Tavrello… Atheismi Et Deismi Iniuste Accusato . Schmid, Nuremberg 1734 ( CD-ROM edition. Univ.-Bibl., Mannheim 2007)

Editions and translations

  • Henrik Wels (Ed.): Nicolaus Taurellus: Philosophiae Triumphus, hoc est, Metaphysica Philosophandi Methodus (= Editions for the Early Modern Age , Volume 3). Frommann-Holzboog, Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt 2012, ISBN 978-3-7728-2374-9 (edition and translation)

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Herbert Jaumann: Handbook of scholarly culture in the early modern period: Bio-bibliographical repertory. Volume 1, Walter de Gruyter, 2004, ISBN 3-11-016069-2 , p. 647 ( online ).
  2. ↑ From Altenburg, 1584 and 1588 in Tübingen, later Physicus in Regensburg and Esslingen.
  3. ↑ Nicolaus Taurellus, Martin Sollfleisch: De partibus humani corporis theses medicae . Nuremberg 1583 ( digitized version from the Berlin State Library).
  4. ↑ Cf. Christian Conrad Nopitsch : Taurellus (Nicolaus) . In: Nürnbergisches Gelehrten-Lexicon or description of all Nuremberg scholars beyderley sex after your life, merits and writings , Vol. VII. Besson, Altdorf / Leipzig 1806, p. 322f ( Google Books ).
personal data
SURNAME Taurellus, Nicolaus
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Taurellus, Nicholas; Taurellus, Mikolaj; Tourot, Nicolas
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Medic, philosopher and physicist
DATE OF BIRTH November 26, 1547
PLACE OF BIRTH Mömpelgard , County of Württemberg-Mömpelgard , Holy Roman Empire
DATE OF DEATH September 28, 1606
Place of death Altdorf near Nuremberg , Imperial City of Nuremberg , Holy Roman Empire