Nida (Lithuania)
| Nida / Nidden | |||
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| State : |
 Lithuania
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| District : | Klaipeda | ||
| Municipality : | Neringa | ||
| Founded : | before 1385 | ||
| Coordinates : | 55 ° 18 ′ N , 21 ° 0 ′ E | ||
| Inhabitants (place) : | 1,178 | ||
| Time zone : | EET (UTC + 2) | ||
| Telephone code : | (+370) 469 | ||
| Postal code : | 93121 Neringa, Nida | ||
| Status: | Place, seat of the municipality of Neringa |
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Nida ( Nehrungskurisch : Nīde , German Nidden ) is a village in Lithuania and the seat of the municipal administration of the municipality Neringa on the Curonian Spit on the Baltic Sea . The place is on the lagoon side of the spit.
history
Like the whole of the Curonian Spit, Nida was originally settled by the Baltic Kurds . Nida was first mentioned in 1385 in documents of the Crusader Order . The original location of the place until 1675 was a good five kilometers further south beyond the high dune on Grabscher Haken (Prussian grabis = mountain). The second village location of Nidden - caused by siltation - was from around 1675 to the 1730s directly on the Haffstrand, around the height of Grabscher Haken. The name Nidden is derived from the Prussian envy, nid, nida : flow, emerge and descend.
Nidden was on the post road from Koenigsberg to Memel .
In 1709 almost the entire population of Nida was killed by the plague . The plague cemetery described by Agnes Miegel in her poem The Women of Nidden is located a little south of the second location.
By silting again in 1730, they were again forced to rebuild the site in front of the Parnidis dune for a third time. The small villages Skruzdynė ( Nehrungs-Kurisch “skruzde”: ant ) and Purwin (Prussian purwins : dirty place, swamp; Lithuanian Purvynė) were annexed to Nida. Today Nida is the largest town on the Curonian Spit with 1500 permanent residents. Nida is 48 kilometers from Klaipėda and four kilometers from the border with the Russian Federation .
Until 1919 Nidden belonged to the German Empire; With the conclusion of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919, the place was assigned to the League of Nations mandate area Memelland (with a border with East Prussia a few kilometers south, around today's border with the Russian Oblast Kaliningrad in the area of the High Dune, Parnidžio Kopa ); from 1923 to 1939 it belonged to the independent Lithuania, 1939 to 1945 again to the German Reich and from 1945 to 1990 to the Lithuanian Socialist Soviet Republic, since then to the again independent Lithuania.
Almost all residents of Nida - like the entire Curonian Spit - fled to the west in 1944/45 from the advancing Red Army . The Soviet troops occupied Nida in February 1945. The Evangelical Lutheran Fisherman's Church was completely looted, the old fisherman's cemetery with its wooden Kurish grave monuments (Kurenkreuzes) was devastated, and the paintings and collection of Ernst Mollenhauer's paintings were burned by soldiers. The heavy wooden fishing boats , the Kurenkähne with their characteristic pennants, were sunk in the lagoon. The Curonian Spit with Nida was a restricted military area, hermetically sealed until 1961. The resettlement took place with residents of other Soviet republics, not primarily with Lithuanians.
Particularly after Lithuania's independence in 1991, Nida was rebuilt and rebuilt very successfully, not least thanks to tourism.
Churches
Evangelical
Church building
The Protestant church in Nida was built next to the old cemetery on a small hill and is still standing today. In October 1888, the church was built in Gothic style from red bricks. The altar and the pulpit are said to come from the church in Kunzen (Russian: Krasnoretschje , no longer existing), which is threatened with silting up . A striking wooden ceiling and window glass paintings define the interior of the church. The altar wall consists of a picture by Erika Freyer-Henkel and shows the rescue of the sinking Peter by Jesus. The organ is the work of the master organ builder Gebauer from Königsberg (Prussia) . The two altar candlesticks were donated by Empress Auguste Viktoria . During the time of the Soviet Union , the church found a misuse as a local museum. Today it is again a house of worship, where services are held in German during the summer months.
Parish
Before a parish was founded in what was once Nida , the village first belonged to the parish of the lost village of Kunzen (Russian: Krasnoretschje ) , from 1797 to the parish of Schwarzort (now Lithuanian: Juodkrantė) . From 1812 on, services were held in a residential building that served as a parish and school house until the 1860s. In 1847 an independent parish with its own parish was established and in 1854 it was combined with the neighboring towns of Preil (now Lithuanian: Preila) and Perwelk (Pervalka) to form a parish that existed until 1945 and the church district of Memel (Klaipėda) within the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussians Union belonged. Church life was activated in the 1990s, so that today there is a respected congregation of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Lithuania in Nida .
Pastor in Nidden (1847–1945)
Between 1847 and 1945 (with several vacancies) there were 19 Protestant clergymen in Nidden:
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Catholic
In 2003 a Catholic church was built in the town center. It was created according to the plans of the Nida architects Ričardas Krištapavičis and Algimantas Zaviša and is called Maria, Hilfe der Christisten . The wood-clad church with large clear glass windows has a thatched roof. The open roof turret with the bell and a high cross can be seen from afar. The parish belongs to the Telšiai diocese .
Personalities
Sons and daughters of the place
- Reinhard Henkys (1928–2005), German publicist and journalist
Connected to the place
- Hermann Blode (1862–1934), German hotelier, art collector and patron
- Lovis Corinth (1858–1925), German painter
- Hans Kallmeyer (1882–1961) German painter
- Carl Knauf (1893–1944), German landscape painter
- Thomas Mann (1875–1955), German writer, worked and recovered in Nidden between 1929 and 1932
- Ernst Mollenhauer (1892–1963), German landscape painter, lived and worked in Nidden from 1924 to 1945
- Jean-Paul Sartre (1905–1980), French philosopher, summer resort 1965
- Antanas Sutkus (* 1939), the most famous Lithuanian photographer, who accompanied Jean-Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir in 1965 and took the iconic photo of Sartre on the dune.
economy
By far the most important industry in Nida is tourism . The place is considered the most famous attraction for foreign tourists in Lithuania. The visitors come from Lithuania on the one hand , but also from Germany , Scandinavia and the rest of the Baltic States . Nida has a well-developed gastronomic infrastructure and many hotels in different price categories. There is also a dense network of hiking trails, bike paths and camping facilities .
traffic
Nida is four kilometers north of the border with the Russian Kaliningrad Oblast ( Koenigsberg region (Prussia) ). To the west of the village runs the regional road KK 167 , which on the Russian side merges into the trunk road R 515 and in this way connects Klaipėda (Memel) with Zelenogradsk (Cranz) .
There are several regular buses daily from the central bus station to Klaipėda and on to Kaunas , Vilnius ( German Wilna ) and Liepāja ( German Libau ). There is also a bus connection to the Russian side of the spit.
The port of Nida was created in the 19th century.
Attractions
- landscape
- The main attraction of Nida is its scenic location on the lagoon coast of the Curonian Spit. There are many forests, heather and dune areas around Nida . Among other things , the second highest dune in Europe after the Dune du Pyla near Arcachon , the Hohe Düne .
- Artist colony
- With the emergence of Expressionism from 1900 onwards, a large number of artists were drawn to Nidden, including such well-known painters as Lovis Corinth , Max Pechstein and Karl Schmidt-Rottluff . The artists' colony Nidden was built around the meeting point of these painters at the time, the Blode Inn ; this inn still exists today under the name of Nidos Banga .
- Thomas Mann's summer house
- In 1929 Thomas Mann built a holiday and summer house for himself and his family on the “Mother-in-Laws Mountain”, in the north of Niddens, district Purwin. It offered a great view over the Curonian Lagoon. He spent the summer holidays here with his family from 1930 to 1932 and at the same time worked on his Joseph novel . In 1995 the Thomas Mann Museum and the Thomas Mann Cultural Center were established in the house. International summer festivals and seminars have been held every year since 1997.
- Amber Museum
- Old cemetery with the typical Kurenkreuzes
- Fisherman's Museum: a typical house of a fishing family who lived in Nida a hundred years ago.
- Beach promenade: Nida has a beautiful beach promenade and a marina with a view of the Hohe Düne .
- Glider Memorial
- To the east of Nida, in the forest - to be seen from the high dune - is a memorial to the pioneers of Lithuanian gliding . There is a monument here that pays tribute to the German world record glider pilot Ferdinand Schulz .
literature
- Grasilda Blažiene: Hydronymia Europaea, Special Volume II, The Baltic Place Names . Wolfgang Schmid Ed., Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 2000.
- Georg Gerullis: The old Prussian place names . Berlin, Leipzig 1922.
- Frido Mann: My Nidden. On the Curonian Spit . mare-Verlag, Hamburg 2012, ISBN 978-3-86648-148-0 .
- Hans-Heinrich Mittelstaedt: History of the Epha family (1641-1970) . Hamburg 1979.
- H. and G. Mortensen: The settlement of northern East Prussia up to the beginning of the 17th century, in Germany and the East. The Prussian-German settlement on the western edge of the Great Wilderness around 1400 . Vol. 8, Leipzig 1937.
- Richard Pietsch (artistic design and text): picture map around the Curonian Lagoon . Local book service Georg Banszerus, Höxter, production: Neue Stalling, Oldenburg.
- Richard Pietsch: Fishermen's life on the Curonian Spit shown in Curonian and German . Ulrich Camen Publishing House, Berlin 1982.
Web links
- Official website of the city of Neringa and information center (German, English, French, Russian, Lithuanian)
- Nidden artists' colony
- Thomas Mann Cultural Center in Nida (de, en, lt)
- Friends of the Thomas Mann House eV
- Nidden - GenWiki
Individual evidence
- ↑ Frido Mann: My Nidden. On the Curonian Spit . mare-Verlag, Hamburg 2012, ISBN 978-3-86648-148-0 , pp. 136-137
- ↑ Nidden-GenWiki
- ↑ Ute Lauzeningks, Nidden - A village on the Curonian Spit
- ↑ P. Pfaender, Nida / Nidden im Memelland (East Prussia)
- ↑ Evangelical Lutheran Church of Nida
- ↑ Friedwald Moeller, Old Prussian Protestant Pastor's Book from the Reformation to the Expulsion in 1945. Hamburg, pp. 102-103
- ^ Catholic Church in Nida ; Pictures of the church
- ^ Sculpture to French philosopher Sartre unveiled in Lithuanian resort of Nida . In: DELFI . ( delfi.lt [accessed June 24, 2018]).
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Alksnynė (Erlenhorst) | Juodkrantė (Schwarzort) | Nida (Nidden) | Pervalka (Perwelk) | Preila (Preil)
Lost place: Karvaičiai (Karwaiten)