Nikita Petrovich Sokolov

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Nikita Petrovich Sokolov ( Russian Никита Петрович Соколов * 1748 in Krutez, Rajon Alexandrov ; 7. † April . Jul / 18th April  1795 greg. In Moscow ) was a Russian chemist and university lecturer .

Life

Sokolov, son of a sexton , entered the seminary of the Trinity Monastery of Sergiev Posad in 1759 . In 1768 he was sent to St. Petersburg for further training at the Academy- Gymnasium and then at the Academy-University. There he was involved in the academy expeditions of Peter Simon Pallas through Siberia , through which he acquired a basic knowledge in the fields of anatomy and metallurgy . In 1772 he climbed the 2508 m high Golez Sochondo in the Chentei -Daurian highlands on the Chikoi and Onon in southern Transbaikalia . However, his health suffered, so that in 1774 he asked for other tasks to be assigned. However, the academy director Count Vladimir Grigoryevich Orlov sent him to study at the University of Leiden , where Peter Simon Pallas had already studied. Sokolov attended lectures there on chemistry , physics , natural history , anatomy and physiology . After a year he was able to continue his studies at the University of Strasbourg , where he concentrated on chemistry and mineralogy . He set up a small chemical laboratory and collected minerals with a view to mining in the area , which he compared with his observations in Siberia. He visited mines , glassworks , ironworks and factories . In 1780 the University of Strasbourg earned him a doctorate in medicine .

After his return to St. Petersburg, he submitted his dissertation on the reactions of metals with sulfur in fire in September 1780 . Due to objections from the academy director Sergei Gerassimowitsch Domaschnew , he was not accepted as an adjunct in the academy. After an exam initiated by Catherine II , Sokolow received his doctorate in medicine and the Russian language in 1781 . In 1783 he was appointed by the new director of the Academy, Ekaterina Romanovna Voronzowa-Daschkowa, as adjunct of chemical sciences at the Academy. In 1784 he was elected as a member of the academy. He headed the chemical laboratory there and held public chemistry lectures from 1786. In 1787 he became a full member and professor of chemistry at the academy. He translated Johann Christian Polycarp Erxleben's beginnings of chemistry into Russian (St. Petersburg, 1788) and, together with eight collaborators, Georges-Louis Leclerc de Buffon's Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière (St. Petersburg, 1789).

In 1792 Sokolow resigned from active service at his own request and remained an external member of the academy. He settled first in Kaluga and then in Moscow in the rank of court counselor (VII class ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b А.К.Сытин: Первый исследователь горы Сохондо - Никита Петрович Соколов . In: Журнал Природа . No. 4 , 1999 ( online [accessed November 2, 2017]).
  2. ↑ a b c Соколов (Никита Петрович) . In: Brockhaus-Efron . XXXa, 1900, p. 732 .
  3. ↑ Любовь безусловная: Никита Петрович Соколов, accessed on November 2, 2017
  4. ↑ Александровская О. А., Широкова В. А., Романова О. С. и др: Ломоносов и академические экспедиции 18 века . РТСофт, Moscow 2011, p. 44-89 .
personal data
SURNAME Sokolov, Nikita Petrovich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Соколов, Никита Петрович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian chemist, mineralogist, geologist and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH 1748
PLACE OF BIRTH Krutez, Alexandrov Raion
DATE OF DEATH April 18, 1795
Place of death Moscow