Nikolai Issaakowitsch Utin

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Nikolai Issaakowitsch Utin ( Russian: Николай Исаакович Утин ; * 8 August July / 20 August  1841 greg. In Cherson ; † 1 December July / 13 December  1883 greg. In St. Petersburg ) was a Russian revolutionary .

Life

Utin's father was a Jewish merchant and millionaire. In 1858 Utin began studying at the historical - philological faculty of the University of St. Petersburg . For his work on Apollonios of Tyana he received the gold medal, while Dmitri Ivanovich Pissarev only won the silver medal on the same subject.

As one of the leaders of the student unrest in the fall of 1861, Utin was arrested and held in the Peter and Paul Fortress until December 1861 . Utin was closely associated with Nikolai Gavrilowitsch Tschernyshevsky . In 1862 Utin joined the secret society Zemlya i Volja (Land and Freedom), to whose central committee he was elected in November 1862. He was involved in the establishment of secret printing works . Because of the threat of arrest , he emigrated in 1863 (in November 1865 he was sentenced to death in absentia). In the emigration he joined Alexander Ivanovich Herzen and Nikolai Platonowitsch Ogarjow . He dealt with the smuggling of their writings into Russia and established the connection with the Polish insurgents . As a result of ideological and personal differences of opinion, Utin separated from his hearts and appeared at the end of 1864 – early 1865 at the congress of Russian emigrants in Geneva as an opponent of his heart. He was now one of the leaders of the so-called young emigration.

1867 joined Utin in Switzerland of the 1st International and became a member of the Slavic section and founder of the Russian section, whose secretary he was from 1870 to 1872. 1868-1870 he was one of the editors of the magazine Narodnoje Delo in Geneva, which he edited together with Mikhail Alexandrowitsch Bakunin . Konstantin Ignatjewitsch Krupski (father of Nadezhda Konstantinowna Krupskaja ) was one of her supporters . At Utin's request, Karl Marx became honorary secretary and correspondent for the Russian section of the International. From 1870–1871 Utin was part of the editorial team of the newspaper L'Égalité of the Geneva section of the International and was a delegate at the London Conference of the International in 1871 . When Sergei Gennadijewitsch Nechayev came to Geneva in the spring of 1869 after student unrest, Utin Bakunin warned against him. This led to differences of opinion, whereupon the Bakunists attacked Utin violently and Utin published materials on Bakunin's anarchism and Nechayev's adventurism in a brochure in French and German in 1873. Utin is considered a pioneer of Russian Marxism .

In the mid-1870s, Utin withdrew from the revolutionary movement and worked for the banker Lasar Solomonowitsch Polyakow in Romania . In 1877 Utin was pardoned by Alexander II after his pardon, so that Utin returned to Russia in 1878 and became the manager of the Serginsko-Ufaleiski iron and steel works of Baron Naphtali Herz Günzburg (1833-1909) in the Urals . Pyotr Lavrovich Lavrov now called Utin a defector .

Since 1863 Utin was married to Natalja Corsini (1841 – after 1913), daughter of the architect Geronimo Corsini and the writer Marija Antonowna Corsini . When the University of St. Petersburg had decided in 1860, women as guest listeners in lectures allow belonged Natalya Corsini and her sister Yekaterina (1838-1911) of the first women in the lecture halls of the University of St. Petersburg next to Nadezhda Suslova , Polina Suslova , Maria Mikhailovna Korkunova and others. Natalja Corsini was arrested during the student riots in 1861. In 1863 she emigrated with her husband and returned to Russia with him in 1878. She was now active as a writer and published articles in Westnik Jewropy and other magazines with her name or with the pseudonym NI Tal. Her successful novel Schisn sa Schisn (Life for Life) caused a scandal in 1885 , in which she portrayed Alexander Herz's personal drama in a pointed form.

Utin had two brothers. Boris Issaakowitsch Utin (1832–1872) was a professor at the University of St. Petersburg. Yevgeny Issaakowitsch Utin (1843-1894) was a lawyer , publicist and war correspondent .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Historical Lexicon of Switzerland: Nikolai IsaakowitschUtin (accessed December 12, 2019).
  2. ↑ a b c d e Great Soviet Encyclopedia : Utin, Nikolai Isaakovich (accessed December 12, 2019).
  3. ↑ McLellan, Woodford: Revolutionary Exiles . Frank Cass, 1979, p. 83-107 .
  4. ^ Jewish Virtual Library: Socialism: Russia (accessed December 12, 2019).
  5. ↑ Mijail Bakunin: CRÍTICA AL marxismo . EDICIONES LIBERTAD ( [1] [PDF; accessed December 12, 2019]).
  6. ^ Decline and Fall of the First International (accessed December 12, 2019).
  7. ^ Cole, GDH: History of Socialist Thought, Vol. II, Marxism and Anarchism 1850–1890 . Macmillan, London 1954, pp. 197 .
personal data
SURNAME Utin, Nikolai Issaakowitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Утин, ​​Николай Исаакович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian revolutionary
DATE OF BIRTH August 20, 1841
PLACE OF BIRTH Kherson
DATE OF DEATH December 13, 1883
Place of death St. Petersburg