Nikolausberg

The title of this article is ambiguous. Further meanings are listed under Nikolausberg (disambiguation) .

Nikolausberg City of Göttingen Coordinates: 51 ° 33 ′ 50 ″  N , 9 ° 58 ′ 52 ″  E
Height :	289  (275-345)  m
Area :	7.45 km²
Residents :	3648  (December 31, 2018)
Population density :	490 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation :	4th July 1964
Postal code :	37077
Area code :	0551
Nikolausberg in the urban area of ​​Göttingen

Nikolausberg is a northeastern part of the university town of Göttingen . Like the neighboring district of Roringen , it is 280 to 350  m above sea level. NN up to 200 m higher than downtown Göttingen. While there were just 288 inhabitants in 1896, their number has risen sharply since the construction of the aqueduct in the 1950s and was already 3,699 in 2007.

Nikolausberg has all the important infrastructure facilities such as kindergarten, elementary school and after-school care center, pharmacy, doctor's practice, law firms, physiotherapy, post office, a supermarket and three restaurants as well as a car workshop and a hotel.

The areas on the Feldbornberg and in the Bratental , designated as nature reserves, are home to numerous protected and rare native plant and animal species.

history

There are no records about the origin of the place. However, there is evidence that Nikolausberg had the place names Olrikes- Odelrades- , Oldershusen- Olredeshusen- , Adelrades- Ulrades- and Ulrideshusen in earlier times . The foundation probably took place at the beginning of the 12th century and is closely related to the monastery that was once built in the village. After a fire and the cheaper valley location prompted the residents to move the monastery to Weende , the land on site remained in monastic hands. This sold it but gradually at a favorable hereditary interest so that the settlers could grow on the Nikolausberg. This is how the village of Klausberg is said to have come into being.

Place name

The name is derived from a legend according to which the bones of Nikolaus von Myra were kept in the monastery church Nikolausberg . According to the legend, three pilgrims came to the chapel on the Nikolausberg in 999 AD, one of whom left relics of St. Nicholas to the church. However, this legend must be viewed as doubtful, as the bones of Saint Nicholas did not reach southern Europe from what is now Turkey until 1087 AD. The name Nikolausberg has probably only established itself since the 16th century, initially also in the abbreviation Clausberg . The original name of the community was Ulrideshusen, with further mentions as Adelratheshusen, Ulradeshusen, Olerdeshausen and Olrikshusen.

Incorporation

On July 4, 1964, the previously independent municipality of Nikolausberg was incorporated into the district town of Göttingen.

Education and Research

About 0.5 kilometers from Nikolausberg, Am Fassberg , there are two institutes of the Max Planck Society, the MPI for Biophysical Chemistry and the MPI for Dynamics and Self-Organization. The latter is particularly noticeable due to the architecture of its experimental hall. Both institutes are important jobs for highly qualified scientists. There is also a large data processing center on the institute's premises, the Society for Scientific Data Processing mbH Göttingen , GWDG for short, which is also largely responsible for the IT infrastructure of the University of Göttingen.

In the east of Nikolausberg is the elementary school named after the pedagogue Janusz Korczak . It is a two-class, so-called “reliable primary school” with around 180 children. Next to the actual school building from 1971, which was modernized outside in 2005 and inside in 2008, there is the Otto Nolte sports hall, which is used by both the school and the sports club Nikolausberger Sport Club (NSC), as well as an extension. This was planned from the beginning, but never started. Only in 2005, after massive civic engagement and support from the friends' association, was the school able to build an extension after 35 years. It contains a music room, a work room, a teaching material room and the teachers' room. The Nikolausberg branch of the Göttingen City Library moved into the vacant rooms , and some rooms were converted into classrooms. The school has won the European Environmental School Award several times .

Culture and sights

Monastery church

→ Main article : St. Nikolaus (Göttingen-Nikolausberg)

Monastery church

There is no historical evidence that the monastery church was founded. However, the church contains the remains of an Augustinian convent. The latter is evidenced by a document from 1162 in which Pope Alexander III. confirmed the ownership of their monastery to the nuns of Nikolausberg. According to this document, the monastery also owned four hooves in the neighboring village of Roringen . The nunnery was relocated to Weende as early as 1180 AD , probably because of the difficult-to-reach location and the lack of fresh water in the immediate vicinity of the monastery. In the 19th century, remains of the foundation walls of the monastery buildings were still visible at the point where the parish hall stands today. Street names like "Augustinerstraße", "Am Kreuze" and "Nonnenstieg" are still reminiscent of the nunnery. Thanks to the relics, which remained in the church after 1180, the church retained its importance as a place of pilgrimage until the Reformation.

The following pilgrimages to Nikolausberg are documented:

• 1397 Duchess Margarete of Braunschweig-Lüneburg
• 1430 Landgrave Ludwig of Hesse.

Travel to Nikolausberg can be proven from inscriptions on the church wall until the 17th century.

The original church building was built in the style of a Romanesque basilica . The crossing arch and the lion portal still date from this time. The church was converted into a Gothic hall church from the 14th century and completed as such after 1500. 1447 the church was during a campaign of the Saxon Fratricidal War of Landsknechten Wilhelm III. plundered by Saxony .

The stone altar in the side aisle, which originally supposedly kept relics of St. Nicholas, is empty today.

The church has been the venue for the Nikolausberger Musiktage since 2015. 51 ° 33 ′ 41.6 "  N , 9 ° 58 ′ 40"  E

Rieswarte

→ Main article: Rieswarte

A good 2 km northeast of the village are the ruins of the Rieswarte or Nikolausberger Warte at the edge of the forest. This watch tower was built in 1438–42 as part of the second Göttingen Landwehr line and secured the trunk road from Göttingen to Katlenburg . 1980–82 the area was archaeologically examined and the ruins repaired.

Hometown club

In 1984 the non-profit association for the maintenance of the historical townscape and the natural beauties in the Nikolausberg district was founded. Through his events he offers insights into the history of the place and the surrounding area and promotes local traditions.

Sports

The Nikolausberger Sport Club (NSC) is a sports club founded in 1947, which can look back on a glorious past. Especially in the field of soccer, the youth teams, which currently only play in the regional league, were able to convince. In addition to football, the NSC also offers tennis, table tennis, badminton, handball, judo, etc. The club has a recently renovated sports field directly on the Lieth and many of the numerous sports facilities use the Otto-Nolte-Halle, the primary school's gymnasium.

Broadcasting system of the NDR

On the Nikolausberg there has been a transmitter of the NDR since 1951 at 51 ° 34 '12 "  N , 9 ° 58' 55"  E. The 109 meter high transmission mast of the system was originally a self-radiating transmission mast isolated from earth, but it was converted into a grounded transmission mast for VHF and TV before the 1970s. Nikolausberg was only connected to the regional road network with an asphalt road when the transmitter was built. Previously it could only be reached by a gravel road, the so-called "old road", which is still to be walked largely parallel to the north of today's road in the valley floor and along the Galgenberg.

Broadcast programs

Station name	frequency	ERP
NDR 1 Lower Saxony	88.5 MHz	5 kW
NDR 2	94.1 MHz	5 kW
N-JOY	95.9 MHz	500 W
NDR culture	96.8 MHz	500 W
NDR info	99.9 MHz	5 kW

literature

• Hans Wille: The monastery and pilgrimage church to Nikolausberg ( Small art guide for Lower Saxony , booklet 4). Goettingen 1954
• Helga Jörgens: The monastery and pilgrimage church to Nikolausberg , Ed. Ev.-luth. Kirchengemeinde Göttingen-Nikolausberg, Parish Council, Verlag Hubert & Co., Göttingen 1980, pp. 5-61.

Web links

Commons : Nikolausberg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Districts on the website of goettingen.de
• Nikolausberger Musiktage on the website of the Evangelical Church

Individual evidence

1. ↑ 020.21 City of Göttingen: Historical population figures - population in the city districts from 1896 to 2018 in the Göttingen Statistical Information System (PDF file), accessed on December 28, 2019.
2. ↑ Georg Heinrich Klippel: Göttingen and its surroundings. A paperback especially for students and travelers . Ed .: Heinrich Veldeck. tape 2 . Rosenbusch, Göttingen 1824, p. 25th f .
3. ↑ Kirstin Casemir , Uwe Ohainski , Jürgen Udolph : The place names of the district of Göttingen (Lower Saxony Place Name Book ). Bielefeld 2003, p. 299 ff.
4. ↑ Göttingen Law ( Memento of the original dated February 20, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 12 kB)