Nils Gustaf Ekholm

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Nils Gustaf Ekholm

Nils Gustaf Ekholm (born October 9, 1848 in Smedjebacken , †  April 5, 1923 in Stockholm ) was a Swedish meteorologist .

Life

Nils Gustaf Ekholm was born in 1848 as the son of the pharmacist Nils Petter Ekholm and his wife Kristina Ulrika Forsgren in the province of Dalarna . He studied at Uppsala University from 1869 to 1876 . His teachers included Robert Rubenson (1829–1902) and Hugo Hildebrand Hildebrandsson (1838–1925). From 1876 to 1890 he worked as a meteorological observer at Uppsala University. This activity was interrupted from 1881 to 1884 by the preparation and management of the Swedish geophysical Spitsbergen expedition as part of the First International Polar Year . In Svenskhuset near Cape Thordsen on Isfjorden , the seven scientists carried out extensive meteorological and geomagnetic observations from 1882 to 1883 . Salomon August Andrée also took part in the expedition .

Ekholm 1896 with Nils Strindberg and Salomon August Andrée.

1890, one year after his doctorate as Dr. phil. , Ekholm moved to the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute in Stockholm, whose director he was from 1913 until his retirement in 1918. In 1896 he was back in Svalbard to accompany Andrée on his balloon flight with which he wanted to reach the North Pole . However, adverse winds prevented the start this summer. Through regular measurements, Ekholm found that the balloon was by no means as dense as assumed and that the loss of hydrogen occurred faster than expected. He then withdrew from the project. Instead, Knut Frænkel took part in Andrée's polar expedition in 1897 , which failed after just a few days because the balloon only stayed in the air for 10.5 hours and then came to a standstill after a subsequent 41-hour grinding run. The three expedition members perished after a week-long march across the ice on the island of Kvitøya , their remains were not found until 1930.

In 1900 Ekholm was a founding member and first president of the Swedish Aeronautical Society ( Svenska Aeronautiska Sällskapet ).

In 1905 he became a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences , in 1910 a member of the Royal Science and Literature Society in Gothenburg . In 1913 he was appointed professor.

Ekholm was married to Agnes Elphidina Bodén (1865-1932) since 1895.

power

Ekholm dealt among other things with the causes of climatic fluctuations in the earth's history . The most important factor, he saw the changing content of the atmosphere of carbon dioxide at. For the future, he expected a significant increase in the mean temperature on earth within a few thousand years, caused by the burning of fossil raw materials and the associated entry of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

In his work weather maps of air pressure fluctuations , he introduced the isolates into synoptic meteorology in 1904 .

Ekholm is considered to be the founder of the Swedish storm warning service , which started in 1905 with initially 27 stations on the Swedish west coast. By 1907 the service was extended to the south coast and already comprised 46 stations. In 1913 the network covered the entire Swedish coast.

Honors

Nils Ekholm was awarded the Knight's Cross of the North Star Order in 1909 .

In Svalbard several geographical places are named after him, e.g. E.g. the mountain Ekholmfjellet in Nathorst-Land , the headland Ekholmpynten on Danskøya as well as Cape Ekholm and the bay Ekholmvika in Bünsow-Land .

Fonts (selection)

  • Undersökningar i hygrometri . Dissertation 1888
  • with Svante Arrhenius : On the influence of the moon on the electrical state of the earth . PA Norstedt, Stockholm 1894
  • About the action of the vertical component of the deflecting force of the earth's rotation on the air movement . In: Meteorological Journal . Volume 13, 1896, pp. 121-128
  • Some remarks about the decrease in temperature with altitude in the free atmosphere . In: Meteorological Journal . Volume 13, 1896, pp. 480-483
  • with Svante Arrhenius: On the influence of the moon on the northern lights and thunderstorms . PA Norstedt, Stockholm 1898
  • On the periodicity of solar activity . PA Norstedt & Söner, Stockholm 1901
  • On the Variations of the Climate of the Geological and Historical Past and Their Causes . (PDF; 50.8 MB) In: Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. Volume 27, 1901, pp. 1-61
  • About the emission and absorption of heat and their significance for the temperature of the earth's surface . In: Meteorological Journal . Volume 19, 1902, pp. 1-26, 489-505
  • Weather maps of air pressure fluctuations . In: Meteorological Journal . Volume 21, 1904, pp. 345-357

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Arthur Berson : How the pole flight was intended . In: Die Woche 37/1930, pp. 1088-1090
  2. ↑ Chronology of flights in Sweden 1900–1909 (PDF; 56 kB). Svensk Flyghistorisk Förening , accessed on May 4, 2019
  3. ^ Nils Ekholm: On the Variations of the Climate of the Geological and Historical Past and Their Causes . In: Quart. J. Royal Meteorol. Soc. 27, 1901, pp. 1-61
  4. ↑ Ekholmfjellet . In: The Place Names of Svalbard (first edition 1942). Norsk Polarinstitutt , Oslo 2001, ISBN 82-90307-82-9 (English, Norwegian).
  5. ↑ Ekholmpynten . In: The Place Names of Svalbard (first edition 1942). Norsk Polarinstitutt , Oslo 2001, ISBN 82-90307-82-9 (English, Norwegian).
  6. ↑ Kapp Ekholm . In: The Place Names of Svalbard (first edition 1942). Norsk Polarinstitutt , Oslo 2001, ISBN 82-90307-82-9 (English, Norwegian).
  7. ↑ Ekholmvika . In: The Place Names of Svalbard (first edition 1942). Norsk Polarinstitutt , Oslo 2001, ISBN 82-90307-82-9 (English, Norwegian).
personal data
SURNAME Ekholm, Nils Gustaf
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Swedish meteorologist
DATE OF BIRTH October 9, 1848
PLACE OF BIRTH Smedjebacken
DATE OF DEATH April 5, 1923
Place of death Stockholm