Nir Shaviv

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Nir Shaviv, 2009

Nir Joseph Shaviv ( Hebrew ניר יוסף שביב; * 6. July 1972 in Ithaca , New York) is an Israeli - US -American physicist . He is a professor at the Racah Institute of Physics at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem . Shaviv denies man-made climate change , is active in various climate denial organizations and is considered one of the "stars" of the international climate denial scene .

Life

Shaviv studied physics at the Technion in Haifa from 1987 to 1990 and completed his BA as the best of his year. During his military service with the IDF (1990-93), he continued his studies in 1992 and was a co-author of the first publications on astrophysics . He obtained a Master of Science degree in physics in 1994 and received his PhD from 1994 to 1996. From 1996 to 1999 he was a Lee DuBridge Prize Fellow at TAPIR (Theoretical Astrophysics Group) at the California Institute of Technology . From 1999 to 2001 he was a postdoc at the Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics at the University of Toronto and from 2001 to 2006 he was a lecturer at the Racah Institute for Physics at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

astrophysics

Within astrophysics he became known for his work on the Eddington limit . He showed that astrophysical objects can be brighter than the Eddington limit suggests. He was able to better interpret the loss of mass in the Eta Carinae and classical Novae .

Contribution to climate history and reconstruction

Cosmic radiation (black) and measured global temperature (red) from 1951 to 2006
Cosmic radiation (red) and global temperature (black) assumed from geochemical findings up to 500 million years before our calendar

Shaviv had investigated the influence of cosmic rays on iron meteorites and their isotope distribution and postulated a connection between times of relatively cool climates in the history of the earth and increased cosmic rays. He used this to interpret the paradox of the weak, young sun and the temperature profile over the entire history of the earth. Shaviv identified four peaks in the cosmic ray flux (CRF) on Earth in the past 500 million years, approximately 143 plus / minus 10 million years apart, with four passes of the sun through spiral arms in our galaxy in Connection, in which more supernovae occur due to higher star density , which are sources of cosmic rays. The peaks in the CRF corresponded to minima in the global temperature curve. Shaviv worked here with Jan Veizer .

The basis for the connection suggested by Shaviv is Henrik Svensmark's hypothesis about a cooling effect of cosmic rays on the climate. Accordingly, as an explanation of the paradox of the weak young sun, the stronger solar wind of the young sun would have shielded the earth from the galactic cosmic rays. Experimental results from the CLOUD experiment at CERN and other experiments could not find any major influence of cosmic radiation on aerosol formation (germs for cloud formation) in the lower atmosphere.

Numerous researchers expressed fundamental scientific criticism of the methodological approach and the conclusions of the work of Shaviv and Veizer.

The correlation assumed by Shaviv between the spiral arm passages of the earth and the ice ages in the history of the earth was questioned in 2009 with reference to more recent theses on a different mechanics of the spiral arm passages. The fluctuations in cosmic radiation described on the basis of the meteorites could not be confirmed in other studies.

A study published in 2012 by the Royal Astronomical Society by Henrik Svensmark , who also denies man-made climate change and has collaborated with Shaviv on several occasions, establishes a connection between cool climates on earth, marine biodiversity and the course of the frequency of supernovae in the reconstructed in the study Environment of the sun over the past 500 million years. He relied less on a reconstruction of the sun's passages through the spiral arms (the structure of which is uncertain) of the galaxy than on the analysis of star clusters in the solar environment. However , what speaks against the hypotheses that cosmic radiation has an impact on the climate on a timescale of thousands of years is that no correlation has been found between the intensity of the earth's magnetic field and climate proxy : In these periods of time, in which the postulated processes would act, the earth's magnetic field significantly controls how much cosmic rays reach the earth. If it had a significant influence on the climate, there should be a correlation between magnetic field and climate for millennia. However, the sizes could not be correlated.

The study was interpreted in press releases by the Shavivs and Veizers Institutes and in some media reports that anthropogenic causes play a subordinate role in the current global warming. A number of researchers reacted, pointing out in their own press release in 2003 that - even if the study were correct - it makes statements about much longer time scales than that on which global warming is occurring and therefore does not allow such an interpretation. There was an exchange of press releases from the Shavivs and Veizers Institutes on the one hand and a number of other climate researchers on the other. (The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in 2013 in its summary of the scientific state of knowledge stated that a hypothetical influence of cosmic rays on cloud cover in the last century had in any case been too weak to have had a significant effect on the climate.)

Climate change denial

Shaviv is a climate change denier and denies the scientific consensus that humans are the determining factor behind the currently observed global warming . Instead, he considers a change in solar activity to be crucial. Shaviv is a regular participant in climate denial conferences, especially the events of u. a. the oil industry-funded Heartland Institute lobby . He is run as a consultant by certain denial organizations such as CFACT and the Global Warming Policy Foundation . However, he denies any advice from CFACT. He also appeared in a video for the astroturfing organization Friends of Science , for which he denied the scientific consensus on man-made global warming. According to WDR, he is a "star of the climate change denier scene" and a "permanent guest" at EIKE conferences . Among other things, he was a guest speaker in 2018 and 2017 at a "climate conference" organized by EIKE, CFACT and EIKE in Düsseldorf.

In 2012, Shaviv signed an open letter with a number of other climate deniers including Richard Lindzen and William Happer , which was published in the Wall Street Journal . In this, they accused climate research of "alarmism", which was an excuse to expand the state bureaucracy and raise taxes. In addition, this enables companies that understand politics to take advantage of subsidies. Instead, neither decarbonization nor other drastic measures are required. During his research stay at Princeton as an IBM Einstein Fellow and member of the Institute for Advanced Study (2014/15) he investigated the relationship between climate and solar cosmic rays, the spread of cosmic rays in the galaxy and very bright development stages of stars beyond the Eddington limit .

In November 2018, at the invitation of the AfD, he appeared before the Environment Committee of the German Bundestag and claimed that there was no evidence of man-made global warming. At the same time, the IPCC accused the IPCC of suppressing alleged evidence of a non-human cause of global warming.

Private

Shaviv comes from Haifa and grew up in a family of scientists from the Technion there. This also affected his parents' house, which was designed by his mother Edna Shaviv , a professor of architecture and urban planning as part of her research. As a physicist, Nir's father Giora Shaviv was the dean of the Physics Faculty of the Technion and headed the Israel Physical Society .

Shaviv lives in Jerusalem with his wife Hila. The two have two sons.

Awards

Publications (selection)

  • C. Elphick, O. Regev, and NJ Shaviv: Dynamics of Fronts in Thermally Bistable Fluids. In: The Astrophysical Journal . Volume 392, 1992, p. 106
  • NJ Shaviv and G. Shaviv: The Mass Distribution in a Merger Model. In: The Astrophysical Journal Letters. Volume 412, 1993, p. L25
  • NJ Shaviv and O. Regev: Interface Dynamics and Domain Growth in Thermally Bistable Fluids. In: Physical Review E. Volume 50, 1994, p. 2048
  • NJ Shaviv and A. Dar: Gamma Ray Bursts from Minijets. In: The Astrophysical Journal. Volume 447, 1995, p. 863
  • NJ Shaviv and G. Shaviv: The Galaxy Mass Distribution in a Collapsing Spherical Cluster. In: The Astrophysical Journal. Volume 448, p. 514
  • NJ Shaviv and A. Dar: Fireballs in Dense Stellar Regions as an Explanation of Gamma-Ray Bursts. In: Mon. Not. of the Royal Astr. Soc. Volume 277, 1995, p. 287
  • NJ Shaviv: The Eddington Luminosity in Multiphased Media. In: The Astrophysical Journal Letters. Volume 494, 1998, p. 193
  • NJ Shaviv: Can Nonlinear Structure Form at the Era of Decoupling ?. In: Mon. Not. of the Royal Astr. Soc . Volume 297, 1998, p. 1245
  • A. Dar, A. Laor and NJ Shaviv: Life extinctions by cosmic ray jets. In: Physical Review Letters. Volume 80, 1998, p. 5813
  • NJ Shaviv: The Porous Atmosphere of eta-Carinae. In: The Astrophysical Journal Letters. Volume 532, 2000, p. L137
  • NJ Shaviv: Cosmic Ray Diffusion from the Galactic Spiral Arms, Iron Meteorites and a possible Climatic Connection. In: Physical Review Letters. Volume 89, 2002, p. 051102
  • NJ Shaviv: The Spiral Structure of the Milky Way, Cosmic-Rays and Ice-Age Epochs on Earth. In: New Astronomy. Volume 8, 2003, p. 39
  • SP Owocki, KG Gayley, and NJ Shaviv: A Power Law Porosity Formalism for Continuum-Driven Mass Loss from Stars above the Eddington Limit. In: The Astrophys. Journal. Volume 616, 2004, p. 525
  • NJ Shaviv: On Climate Response to Changes in the Cosmic Ray Flux and Radiative Budget. In: J. Geophys. Res.-Space Phys. Volume 110 (A8), 2005, A08105, doi : 10.1029 / 2004JA010866

Articles and conference contributions (selection)

  • NJ Shaviv: Climate Change and the Cosmic Ray Connection. In: International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies - 30th session. Erice, Italy, August 2003. (Ed.R. Ragaini, World Scientific, 2004)
  • Nir Shaviv: The Role of the Sun in Climate Change in the 20th Century . In: The cold sun. Why the climate catastrophe does not take place. By Fritz Vahrenholt and Sebastian Lüning . Hoffmann and Campe, Hamburg 2012, ISBN 3-455-50250-4 , p. 86-95 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Prof. Nir J. Shaviv - personal web-page at the Racah Institute of Physics . Hebrew University of Jerusalem . Retrieved April 18, 2007.
  2. ↑ a b c Climate change due to cosmic radiation? Climate change deniers in everyday parliamentary life . In: ARD Monitor , December 6, 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  3. ↑ Summary and Goals Shaviv Nir J. (PDF; 548 kB) University of Toronto, September 2000, archived from the original on July 28, 2003 .;
  4. ^ A b N. J. Shaviv: Toward a solution to the early faint Sun paradox: A lower cosmic ray flux from a stronger solar wind. In: J. Geophys. Res. Volume 108 (A12), 2003, p. 1437. doi : 10.1029 / 2003JA009997
  5. ↑ Shaviv, Veizer Celestial driver of phanerozoic climate? , GSA Today, July 2003, GSA Today Archives
  6. ↑ See also the discussion and references in Paradox of the weak, young sun , section Possible climatic influence of galactic cosmic rays
  7. ↑ Stefan Rahmstorf, David Archer , Denton S. Ebel, Otto Eugster, Jean Jouzel , Douglas Maraun, Urs Neu, Gavin A. Schmidt , Jeff Severinghaus, Andrew J. Weaver , Jim Zachos: Cosmic rays, carbon dioxide and climate . In: Eos . tape 85 , no. 4 , 2004 ( pik-potsdam.de [PDF; 389 kB ]).
  8. ^ Dana L. Royer, Robert A. Berner , Isabel P. Montañez, Neil J. Tabor, David J. Beerling: CO 2 as a primary driver of Phanerozoic climate . In: GSA today . tape 14 , no. 3 , March 2004, doi : 10.1130 / 1052-5173 (2004) 014 <4: CAAPDO> 2.0.CO; 2 ( geosociety.org [PDF; 627 kB ]).
  9. ^ Andrew C. Overholt, Adrian L. Melott, Martin Pohl: Testing the link between terrestrial climate change and galactic spiral arm transit. In: The Astrophysical Journal. 705, 2009, pp. L101-L103. ( PDF )
  10. ↑ Thomas Smith, David L. Cook, Silke Merchel, Stefan Pavetich, Georg Rugel, Andreas Scharf, Ingo Leya: The constancy of galactic cosmic rays as recorded by cosmogenic nuclides in iron meteorites . In: Meteoritics and Planetary Science . December 2019, doi : 10.1111 / maps.13417 .
  11. ↑ a b c Evidence of nearby supernovae affecting life on Earth , by Henrik Svensmark Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 000, 000-000 (0000) April 22, 2012
  12. ↑ Luca Lancia, Simone Galeotti, Catia Grimani, Matthew Huber: Evidence against a long-term control on Earth climate by Galactic Cosmic Ray Flux . In: Global and Planetary Change . December 2019, doi : 10.1016 / j.gloplacha.2019.103095 .
  13. ↑ Jörg Beer, Ulrich Cubasch, Otto Eugster Claus Fröhlich, Gerald Haug , Fortunat Joos, Mojib Latif , Urs Neu, Christian Pfister , Stefan Rahmstorf, Rolf Sartorius, Christian-Dietrich Schönwiese , Wolfgang Seiler , Thomas Stocker : Speculation on the influence of galactic cosmic rays on climate is scientifically untenable. October 24, 2003, accessed December 11, 2018 .
  14. ↑ Exchange of blows about the causes of the greenhouse effect: Veizer and Shaviv defend themselves against allegations - back to the factual discussion in climate research. Ruhr University Bochum, October 31, 2003, accessed on December 12, 2018 .
  15. ↑ Response of Shaviv and Veizer (with our comments). Retrieved December 12, 2018 .
  16. ↑ G. Myhre, D. Shindell, F.-M. Bréon, W. Collins, J. Fuglestvedt, J. Huang, D. Koch, J.-F. Lamarque, D. Lee, B. Mendoza, T. Nakajima, A. Robock, G. Stephens, T. Takemura and H. Zhan: Anthropogenic and Natural Radiative Forcing . In: TF Stocker u. a. (Ed.): Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change . 2013, 8.4.1.5 The Effects of Cosmic Rays on Clouds.
  17. ^ Dossier: Nir J. Shaviv . In: Desmogblog . Retrieved March 17, 2018.
  18. ^ Right-wing populism around the world is a threat to climate protection . In: Deutschlandfunk , December 7, 2018. Accessed December 7, 2018.
  19. ↑ CFACT co-sponsors climate and energy conference with EIKE . CFACT website . Retrieved March 17, 2018.
  20. ^ No Need to Panic About Global Warming. In: WSJ. January 27, 2012, accessed on October 18, 2018 (English, for a fee): " There's no compelling scientific argument for drastic action to 'decarbonize' the world's economy "
  21. ↑ The GWPF bemoans state of climate debate - while promoting antagonism. In: The Guardian . May 23, 2014, accessed October 18, 2018 .
  22. ↑ Past Member: Nir Shaviv. IAS, 2015, accessed October 18, 2018 .
  23. ↑ High hopes and low expectations for the UN climate conference . Website of the German Bundestag. Retrieved April 29, 2018.
personal data
SURNAME Shaviv, Nir
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Shaviv, Nir Joseph (full name); ניר יוסף שביב (Hebrew)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Israeli-American physicist
DATE OF BIRTH July 6, 1972
PLACE OF BIRTH Ithaca , New York