Noriker (people)
The Noriker ( lat. Norici ) were a Celtic or strongly Celtic old European tribe in the Kingdom of Noricum ( Regnum Noricum ) or the later Roman province of the same name . The main settlement area was in what is now Lower Carinthia . The capital of the Noriker, Noreia , can no longer be clearly located today; it may coincide with the city on the Magdalensberg , near what later became Virunum .
Research history
Until around 1960, many linguists referred to a pre-Celtic language class spread over large areas of continental Europe as "Illyrian"; as a result, the prehistorians often mistakenly called the Hallstatt culture and the pre-Celtic Noric population as Illyrian. Both of these are no longer state of the art today. An ethnic interpretation of ancient Iron Age archaeological cultures is only possible if there are historical folk names that can be clearly localized. The language class formerly known as “Illyrian” is today mostly referred to by linguists as “old European” (quoted Otto Helmut Urban ).
Ruler
Well-known kings of the Noriker by name:
- Cincibilus , closed 170 BC Chr. A treaty of friendship with the Romans.
- Voccio , married his sister to the Suebian prince Ariovistus in order to win an ally against the Boier and put Caesar in 49 BC. Chr. Horseback elite troops (from nobles) available (Battle of the Rubicon ).
religion
The Noric gods were part of Celtic mythology and were partially worshiped by other Celtic tribes.
- Male Noric gods:
- Alaunus , tribal god of the Alauni (Noric sub-tribe) & sun, healing and divination deity
- Arubianus , god of plowers / god of the plowed field
- Belenus , healing and spring deity
- Cernunnos , god of hunting, animals and the underworld
- Danuvius , river god, personification of the Danube
- Genius cucullatus , guardian spirit, hooded demon
- Latobius , god of war
- Mogetius , god of war
- Moltinus , fertility deity, underworld god
- Ogmios , deity of eloquence
- Smertrios , protective deity
- Female Noric gods:
- Adsalluta , river goddess, goddess of the rapids
- Aericura , goddess of fertility and the dead
- Epona , horse and fertility goddess
- Noreia , mother and country goddess, patroness of mining
- Sirona , fertility, source and healing goddess
- Suleviae , group of house and patron goddesses
- Vibes , source deities
economy
An important export good for the Noriker was Noric steel ( ferrum noricum ), famous for its hardness and elasticity . Almost all of the Norican armory's production went to Rome and became a factor in building the Roman Empire . The weapons made of Norian steel contributed significantly to the success of the Roman conquests. Due to the great importance of the Norics for the Romans, the Norics were the only Celtic people who were not forcibly incorporated into the Roman Empire and were thus able to preserve freedoms. After the integration into the Roman Empire, the Noriker, like other tribes of Noricums, were slowly Romanized .
Web links
- Noriker at the Austria Forum
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from January 15, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Illyrer science orf.at
