Octopamine

Structural formula
( R ) shape (left) and ( S ) shape (right)
General
Non-proprietary name	Octopamine
other names	Norsynephrine (±) - p -hydroxyphenylethanolamine ( RS ) -4- (2-Amino-1-hydroxy-ethyl) phenol ( IUPAC )
Molecular formula	C 8 H 11 NO 2 (octopamine) C 8 H 11 NO 2 · HCl [( RS ) -octopamine · hydrochloride ]
External identifiers / databases
CAS number 104-14-3 [( RS ) -octopamine] 770-05-8 [( RS ) -octopamine · hydrochloride] 876-04-0 [D - (-) - octopamine] EC number 203-179-5 ECHA InfoCard 100.002.890 PubChem 4581 ChemSpider 4420 Wikidata Q424979
Drug information
ATC code	C01 CA18 C01 CA68
properties
Molar mass	153.18 g · mol -1 [( RS ) -Octopamin] 189.64 g · mol -1 [( RS ) -Octopamin · hydrochloride]
Melting point	> 250 ° C ( D -form) 156-158 ° C ( racemate ) 170 ° C (decomposition) [( RS ) -octopamine hydrochloride]
safety instructions
Please note the exemption from the labeling requirement for drugs, medical devices, cosmetics, food and animal feed GHS labeling of hazardous substances Caution H and P phrases H: 302-312 P: ?
Toxicological data	1240 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 ,  rat ,  oral ) 4200 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 ,  mouse ,  oral )
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Octopamine , also known as norsynephrine , is a neurotransmitter that occurs in the nervous system of invertebrates ( invertebrates ), but also in some plants such as lemons . It is a structural analogue of vertebrate noradrenaline . From a chemical point of view, octopamine is an amine , more precisely a biogenic amine .

During biosynthesis , octopamine is created from tyrosine . This is converted into tyramine by the enzyme tyrosine decarboxylase . The enzyme tyramine-β-hydroxylase converts tyramine into octopamine.

Physiological function

Octopamine is used to control complex behavioral patterns (social behavior, flight, food intake) in invertebrates and increases the excitability of muscle cells . It is present in luminous organs and is involved in the control of metabolic activity. In insects and cancers, octopamine is known to play an important role in regulating aggressiveness and withdrawal behavior in combat.

Well-known antagonists of octopamine are chlorpromazine , phentolamine and cyroheptadine .

Others

Due to its physiological properties, octopamine is a component in some dietary supplements because it is said to activate the burning of body fat. Octopamine is involved in the burning of certain types of fat, but these are not found in humans.

There are no health claims under the European Health Claims Regulation .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} entry on octopamine. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on December 28, 2014.
2. ^ The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals , 14th Edition (Merck & Co., Inc.), Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA, 2006; P. 1169, ISBN 978-0-911910-00-1 .
3. ↑ There is not yet a harmonized classification for this substance . A labeling of Octopamine in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), which was retrieved on July 10, 2020, is reproduced from a self-classification by the distributor .
4. ↑ ^{a b} Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi. Japanese Journal of Pharmacology . Vol. 64 (4), pp. 140S, 1968.
5. ^ W. Ternes: Food Lexicon . Behr's Verlag, 2005, ISBN 3-89947-165-2 .
6. ↑ EU Register on Nutrition and Health Claims

This article is about a health issue. It is not used for self-diagnosis and does not replace a diagnosis by a doctor. Please note the information on health issues !