Oituz (ship, 1905)
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The Oituz was a cargo ship built in 1905 for the Romanian shipping company Serviciul Maritim Român . Until 1911 the ship ran as Hornsund , then as Leros under the German flag and came to Romania in 1919 as a reparation payment . In September 1944, the steamer was in Constanta by a submarine - Torpedo damaged and beyond repair.
Construction and technical data
At the Neptun shipyard in Rostock , the ship was laid down under construction number 247 . The launch took place on December 9, 1905, the commissioning took place on April 28, 1906 as Hornsund , the name of a fjord on Spitsbergen . The length of the Oituz was 88.78 meters, it was 13.42 meters wide and had a draft of 6.16 meters. It was initially measured with 2679 GRT or 1699 NRT. It was re-measured for the first time in 1930 (2525 BRT, 4205 tdw) and a second time in 1938 (2686 BRT, 1699 NRT). The ship had a carrying capacity of 4000 tdw. The drive consisted of a 3-cylinder triple expansion engine with an output of 1000 PSi . This acted on a screw , the steamer reached a speed of 9.5 knots .
history
Hornsund the steamship Rhederei Horn (1905–1911)
After completion, the ship was delivered to the ordering shipping company, Dampfschiffs Rhederei Horn , based in Lübeck . It belonged to Franz Horn, the younger brother of the Schleswig shipping company founder Heinrich Christian Horn with his shipping company HC Horn , which Franz Horn had founded in 1901/02 and was considered a Lübeck branch of HC Horn. The Lübeck steamers could be recognized by the fact that they had the family name in the front part of their name, while the Schleswiger had in the back part of their name. Both shipping companies were active in the Baltic Sea shipping company. The shipping company HC Horn last used the Hornsund with three other ships in its Adria line. On March 28, 1911, the shipping company sold the steamer to the German Levante Line from Hamburg .
Leros of the German Levante Line (1911-1919)
The Levante Line gave the steamer the name Leros after the Greek island of the same name in the Aegean Sea and used it in the Levant cruise. Most of the shipping company's ships were named after islands and towns in the Levant and were colloquially referred to as "Ossendampers" after the endings of their names. At the beginning of the First World War in August 1914, the Leros was in the Aegean Sea and was immediately called to Constantinople , an ally of Turkey . There she was recorded militarily and assigned to the "Turkey Sea Transport Squadron" together with other ships. The ship, which still belongs to the Levante Line, was managed by the Turkish state shipping company Osmanli Seyrisefain Idaresi , the main cargo was now coal. On one of these trips, the British sank the submarine HMS E11 the Leros on 14 December 1915 before Haidar Pasha . The uplifted ship was awarded to Romania as spoils of war in 1919.
Oituz of the Serviciul Maritim Român (1919–1944 /?)
The ship was handed over to the state-owned Romanian shipping company Serviciul Maritim Român , which registered it in 1919 initially with the home port Galați , and a few years later in Constanța . The ship was named Oituz in reference to the battles on the Oituz Pass in World War I, which ended with a Romanian defensive victory against the Austro-Hungarian and German troops.
In the next two decades the Oituz operated without any special incidents, as routes at least served connections between the Black Sea and the eastern Mediterranean . From 1930 to 1932 she chartered for the shipping company Spiridon Vlassopol from Brăila . In 1936 she was noticed in the international shipping media by a cargo fire in Port Said . At the beginning of the Second World War , the ship was in Izmir and was brought to Malta , where it was held from November 9th to 29th, 1939.
When Romania entered the war on the side of the Axis Powers on June 21, 1941, Romania chartered the Oituz to the German government for the transport of supplies. During this time, the ship was torpedoed and damaged by a Soviet submarine on December 4 (or December 17) off the Bulgarian coast near Cape Emine . After the repairs in Varna and after the ice had thawed, the Oituz was used again in supply traffic from April 20, 1942 and operated between Constanța and Otschakov in today's Ukraine .
A good year later, on September 30, 1943, the German Reich took over the ship and handed it over to the Schwarzmeer-Schiffahrts-GmbH for ship management. In the last year of the war the ship was damaged on April 11th during a transport between the enclosed Sevastopol fortress and Constanța and again on August 25th, 1944 in Soviet air raids. After the last attack, the Germans returned the ship to Romania when the German troops had to withdraw from the country after the coup on August 23, 1944. The previously allied powers now became opponents of the war. In the night from August 31 to September 1, the German submarine U 23 attacked the port of Constanța and hit the Oituz , which sank in the port.
There is no consensus in the literature about a use after the war or the scrapping date. It is unclear whether the ship was in the harbor as a wreck, was used as a Hulk or was used as a water tanker . According to more recent Romanian information, the information on the scrapping date is in the years 1951/52, while earlier Western views on the deletion from Lloyd's Register range from 1959/60 to 1969.
literature
- Gert Uwe Detlefsen, Friedrich-Wilhelm Kunze: Horn line. The chronicle of a traditional shipping company . Publishing house Gert Uwe Detlefsen, Bad Segeberg 1990.
- Reinhart Schmelzkopf: The German Levante Line 1890–1967 . Part 1: 1890-1920 . Publisher Karl-Heinz Butziger, Hamburg 1984.
- Hans Jürgen Witthöft: Levante course. German line trip to the eastern Mediterranean . Koehlers Verlagsgesellschaft, Herford 1989, ISBN 3-7822-0454-9 .
- Gert Uwe Detlefsen: German shipping companies Volume 20: German Levante Line . Verlag Gert Uwe Detlefsen, Bad Segeberg 2003, ISBN 3-928473-75-1 .
- Neculai Padurariu, Reinhart Schmelzkopf: The sea merchant ships of Romania 1878-1944 (Part II). In: Strandgut , 61/2006, pp. 101–156, Cuxhaven 2006.
- George Petre: Vaporul "OITUZ" sa apărat ca la Oituz ["The ship 'OITUZ' defended itself as in Oituz"] . In: Marea Noastră , Anul XIX, No. 2 (71), April / June 2009, pp. 8–9.
- Reinhart Schmelzkopf: Foreign ships in German hands 1939–1945 . Strandgut-Verlag, Cuxhaven 2004.
- Jürgen Rohwer , Gerhard Hümmelchen : Chronicle of the naval war 1939-1945 . Published by the Working Group for Defense Research and the Library for Contemporary History . Manfred Pawlak Verlagsgesellschaft, Herrsching o. J. [1968], ISBN 3-88199-009-7 , ( extended online version ).
Web links
- Entry in Lloyd's Register 1945-46 (PDF) accessed on December 11, 2018
- Hornsund at theshipslist.com; accessed on December 11, 2018
- Leros at theshipslist.com; accessed on December 14, 2018
- Photo of the Oituz at uboat.net; accessed on December 11, 2018
Individual evidence
- ↑ Lloyd's Register 1945-46 (PDF)
- ↑ a b c d e f Padurariu, p. 122f.
- ↑ a b c Schmelzkopf: Stranger Ships . P. 181
- ^ Melting head: Levante line . P. 67
- ↑ Security of the screw steamship "Helene Horn". Dieter Engel
- ^ Melting head: Levante . P. 25
- ^ Melting head: Levante . P. 15
- ↑ Witthöft, p. 74
- ↑ Fairplay Weekly Shipping Journal , Volume 141/1936, p. 17 ( limited preview in Google Book Search )
- ↑ a b Petre, p. 8 f.
- ↑ Donald Bertke, Gordon Smith, Don Kindell: World War II Sea War, Vol. 5: Air Raid Pearl Harbor. This is not a drill . Bertke Publications, Dayton OH 2013, ISBN 978-1-937470-05-0 , p. 63 ( limited preview in Google book search )
- ^ Chronicle of the Naval War April 1942
- ^ Chronicle of the Naval War April 1944
- ↑ Chronicle of the Naval War, August 1944
- ↑ Romanian forum contribution from 2015 at romaniaforum.info