Oldershausen (Marschacht)
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Oldershausen
Marschacht parish
Coordinates: 53 ° 21 ′ 58 ″ N , 10 ° 20 ′ 5 ″ E
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| Height : | 5 m above sea level NN |
| Residents : | 670 (June 30, 2018) |
| Incorporation : | July 1, 1972 |
| Postal code : | 21436 |
| Area code : | 04133 |
 Location of Oldershausen in Marschacht
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Oldershausen is a district of the Lower Saxon community of Marschacht in the joint community of Elbmarsch in the Harburg district .
geography
The Ilmenau and the Neetze flow through Oldershausen . The neighboring towns of this village are Eichholz , Fahrenholz, Handorf , Horburg and Hunden.
Natural location
The region around Barum, Horburg, St. Dionys and Oldershausen is assigned to the natural spatial main units of Harburg Elbmarschen and Lower Middle Elbe Lowlands. Climatically, the areas with an average of 17 ° Celsius in July and approx. 7–8 ° Celsius in January as well as around 650–700 mm annual precipitation with predominantly western winds can be assigned to the maritime-influenced lowland climate of the north, which can already have continental impacts.
The landscape is determined by its location in the Elbe glacial valley, which was created by meltwater during the last ice age up to around 10,000 years ago. The Vistula glaciation formed the young moraine landscapes in Schleswig-Holstein and Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, whose distinctive mountain ranges trace the ice edge layers as terminal moraines. When the glacier melted, alluvial fans formed, with the sediments deposited as the grain sizes decrease, testifying to the decreasing transport force. Fine sediments such as clays and silts were completely washed away; What remained was sand and gravel, which provided the substrate for the nutrient-poor soils. The glacial valley, in which the Elbe flows today, acted as a drain for the remaining meltwater, which ran off in a north-westerly direction. The water, which had been freed of sediments, met the rivers coming from the south and thus became a huge stream, constantly shifting in its bed, which flowed towards the North Sea. The frame of the glacial valley was formed by older terminal moraine layers formed from the earlier Saale glaciation. About 250,000 years ago, the ice masses pushed further south (up to the low mountain ranges) and created the adjacent Geest areas north of Lauenburg and the Lüneburg Heath in one of the last advances, the Warthe-Stadial. Glacial morphology in the area of the Elbe Valley (from: Atlas zur Geschichte Niedersachsens, Braunschweig 1988).
Here between the melt waters of the Vistula Ice Age created the glacial valley and created z. B. the steep slopes at Lauenburg-Geesthacht. If the Elbe is around 250 m wide here, the opposite bank of the glacial valley is around 10 km away, where the Scharnebeck ship lift significantly overcomes the difference in altitude to the old moraines of the Lüneburg Heath. In a north-westerly direction, the river at that time was even wider at 20–30 km, creating today's Elbmarschen. Characteristic of the Elbe lowlands is the often close juxtaposition of silt deposits in the area of the banks, the bog formations in the transition to the Geestrands and the sand deposits or the post-glacial sand drifts that created dune fields. In terms of natural space, the planning area lies in the transition area between the Lower Middle Elbe and the Lower Middle Elbe. The distinctive border forms the Elbe barrage near Geesthacht, which represents the transition of the river course of the Elbe to the tidal lower reaches and thus to the estuary (Tide-Elbe). The area of the Oldershausen district and the south-western areas of Horburg and Barum belong to the natural sub-unit of Winsener Marsch. The river marsh is characterized by numerous watercourses, heavy clayey clay soil and a low groundwater level. The river marshland area that is now diked was created by migration of the course of the river and the dragging of the tributaries of the Elbe, here particularly the Ilmenau. The soils that have developed in the floodplains are to be classified as wet and partly boggy, silty clay soils. Due to the influx of the Geest rivers, the clayey clay soils are advantageously mixed with sand. Only sparse remains in rows of trees, small groups of trees and bushes have been preserved from the floodplain and swamp forests that were once widespread here. This vegetation has been displaced by the use of grassland and, on slightly higher locations, by the arable sites. Settlements like Oldershausen were created here on the higher-lying locations, which were also removed from the direct influence of water by terps. The north-eastern areas of Horburg and Barum, on the other hand, belong to the Neetze - Sietland subunit, which is a wet fracture area between the river marsh and the valley sand zone, criss-crossed by the lower reaches of the Elbe tributaries. The Sietland lies between 4 and 8 m above sea level and, as a lowland area, receives tributaries from the southern Geest areas and from the marshland higher to the north. Characteristic is the over-watering of this natural spatial unit, which can be explained by the slight gradient. Old or dead water of the Elbe show that the Neetze - Sietland belongs to the Elbe floodplain. In this context, the meandering course of stretches of water, z. B. von Neetze and Barumer See, mentioned. The soils are mainly made up of the rubbish and clay fraction; Sands are only of minor importance. Accordingly, fen and raw humus soils predominate compared to water-influenced gley or podsol gley soils. Extensive amelioration processes have made the soils under the influence of water arable. They now take up a larger proportion of the area than the originally predominant grassland use. In the natural vegetation cover, floodplains and break forest communities would develop, which are still present here as remnants in some forest sections. The few old settlements are located in water-protected locations that - like in Horburg - were still piled up to form Wurten. St. Dionys and the south of Barum are located in the natural sub-unit "Scharnebecker Talsand- und Dünengebiet", which connects to the Neetze - Sietland as a slightly relief sand area with pine forest and lowlands. The subsoil is made up of valley sands from the Elbe and sands from the Neetze. Dune fields cover the surface of the valley sand body, especially in the eastern part. The surface is usually between 10 and 15 m high, but sinks below 8 m in the lowlands. These lowlands with moorland and lowland bog are drained through a ditch system and used as grassland. Agriculture is practiced on the mineral-poor sandy soils, the soil type of which varies depending on the slope and groundwater level between dry Podzol in the dune areas and less common Podzol - brown earth up to Gley - Podzol and lowland moor.
Pine forests mainly cover the dry dune areas, but there are also deciduous forests in more humid locations such as B. east of St. Dionys in larger stocks. Remnants of natural vegetation still exist in some places as alder and ash forests. To the southwest of St. Dionys, the “Winsener valley sand plate” borders the planning area as a further sub-unit. This is an extensive, almost flat slab of valley sand with mostly sandy soils close to the groundwater. There are only very small differences in relief, with high groundwater. The dry and arable soils lie on a 1–2 km wide strip on the western bank of the Ilmenau. The lower lying areas are used as grassland with the help of a narrow network of drainage ditches. The lowlands are largely boggy or contain flat bogs. Otherwise the soils are sandy and barren. The heather was widespread, and podsolization and stone formation have progressed. Oak and birch forests covered the dry locations; Grassland occupies the lowlands that are largely boggy or also contain bogs. The ecological disadvantage is also expressed here in the settlement activity that has only taken place at the edges. Today's potential natural vegetation is understood to be the plant cover that develops naturally without human intervention such as mowing, fertilization, plowing, etc. a. would develop. In Central Europe, apart from a few areas such as moors or rocky areas, forests would appear almost entirely in the course of vegetation development (so-called climax stage). These forests are composed of the plant species that are found under the current living conditions of the site, i.e. H. the soil, nutrient, water and climate conditions, would develop best. In the area of Olderhausen, Horburg and north of Barum, deciduous forests, depending on the different natural conditions in small areas, would essentially be floodplain and broken forest communities (oak-hornbeam, alder, ash and oak-elm floodplain forests). that form the vegetation cover. The alluvial forests consist of the softwoods, willows and black poplars in the deeper areas and of the hardwoods oaks, Winsener Marsch Winsener Talsandplatte Neetze Sietland Artlenburger Elbmarsch Scharnebecker Talsand - and dune area Winsener Marsch Winsener Talsandplatte Scharn Neetze Sietland Artandburger Elbmarschals Scharn
Elms and ash trees mainly on higher ground. In contrast to alluvial forests, quarry forests, consisting of birch and alder, have high water levels all year round and would be possible along the river and brook valleys of Ilmenau and Neetze. The district of St. Dionys and south of Barum, on the other hand, is characterized by higher valley sand bodies with mostly sandy soils close to the groundwater. Moist birch oak forests could develop on these areas; interspersed with beech in drier locations. In the low-lying areas, the alder-ash quarry or alluvial forest that still exists in some places would continue to expand. Parts of these forests in the area around Oldershausen and the municipality of Barum have been preserved to this day, for example with the Bülthagen, a quarry alder forest southeast of Oldershausen or a small birch-oak forest between Barum and St. Dionys. Today, however, the demarcation is predominantly characterized by anthropogenic use. In the place of the natural deciduous forests, arable and grassland use and occasional coniferous forests have taken place.
history
500 - 900 AD Old settlement country
The settlement geographic requirements of the history of the origins of Oldershausen are derived from the natural conditions. The village is located in the so-called "Old Settlement Land", which was already continuously settled before the expansion period that began in the 8th century.
Oldershausen and Horburg, on the other hand, can already be addressed as settlements on the inland marshland, with elevated sand heights representing flood-free living spaces, which have also been artificially increased over time. Multiple finds in the immediate vicinity, such as stone tools from the Middle and Younger Stone Ages, and above all graves and grave goods from the late Neolithic, the Bronze Age and the Roman Imperial Era, also demonstrate much earlier settlement activity in the area around these villages, but without any settlement continuity is to be proven. Even if a specific historical processing has not been carried out so far, the previous development of the settlement can be sketched as follows, with reference to the remarks by Reinstorf ("Elbmarschkultur", 1929).
The origins of the places cannot be elucidated due to the uncertain source situation and the largely lacking medieval tradition. According to place-names, the founding of the -husen / -hausen / -sen places can be dated to a very early historical period, through which extensive areas were (re) opened up for agricultural use in the early Middle Ages, immediately after the migration of peoples. Corresponding to this integration, Oldershausen can be dated to the Saxon-Franconian period (around 500 - 900 pCn), when the Longobards left their home country, which was subsequently repopulated by the Saxons advancing from the north.
The area was first settled in the area of favorable locations within the Geest to the south, from which settlement first began on the edge areas and finally on the marshland. The occupation of the interlinked lands in the edge area of the natural areas, the same type of construction ("Saxon House" or "Mittellängsdielenhaus") and the same culture and language. The originally irregularly arranged corridor division allows the place to be clearly assigned to the older settlement in the inland march.
With regard to the place, one can initially assume that there are single courtyard settlements; because the naming of a settlement as a village already indicates that a larger number of farmers were involved in the establishment. The place name of Oldershausen suggests a personal name, which means that an “Aldward” - possibly a Saxon clan chief - can be assumed to be the eponymous.
Typically for the older settlements in the entire district of Lüneburg, the village settlements considered here do not have a planned structure. A characteristic feature is the irregular arrangement of the courtyards on differently shaped plots that followed the Ilmenau in Oldershausen.
According to the general settlement history of the area, the village consisted in its basic forms of several plog or full courtyards, which were administered according to the villication or fron system introduced by the landlord (from Latin maior). Installed by the sovereign, the landlords leased their owners to the farmers, who were practically in serfdom. For the Middle Ages, however, at least for the Ploghöfe a relatively high livestock population and z. In some cases, a large area of equipment (Oldershausen: 1 courtyard with 59 ha) has been handed down.
1358 Effects of the Plague
From around the middle of the 14th century, crop failures caused by a deterioration in the climate, trade losses and the effects of the plague (1358) brought about a serious break in the economic and rulership order that had existed up to then. A loss of population and the abandonment of numerous unprofitable farms led to the high medieval desert period, with about 1/3 of the existing settlements (mostly younger, resettled villages) also in the area of the Geest and the inland and Elbe marshes. To improve the conditions, personal bondage was ended by the new Meierrecht, although the economic dependency remained. As before, the farmer only had a right of use, which, despite the law of inheritance introduced, did not yet lead to ownership. The dues to the landlord amounted to a constant amount of around 5% of the yield, with taxes and manual or clamping services also being performed. In addition, there was the “tithe”, which was originally introduced by the Franks as a 10% levy to the church.
1371–1388 War of the Lüneburg Succession
The close location to the Elbe as an important strategic traffic axis led to numerous armed conflicts, first between the duchies of Lüneburg and Lauenburg and then to the War of the Lüneburg Succession (1371-1388), which exposed the settlements in the Elbe and inland marshes to multiple armed forces.
15th century settlement development
As a result of the devastation in the surrounding areas, but also as an expression of a gradual settlement development, Kötner and later Brinkitzer or cultivation sites appeared in addition to the old Ploghöfe from the 15th century. This started the first densification and a certain expansion of the localities with economically smaller farms according to their socially disadvantaged farming class. These farms had to cultivate new arable land on the edge of the old corridor and were due to the smaller property z. Some of them work as craftsmen (carpenters, blacksmiths, linen weavers, tailors or hackers) or as farm workers.
1530 Reformation
After the Reformation, in 1530, like the entire region, they came under ducal-Lüneburg possession.
1569 Elbe map, place name Oldershusen
The first records of our place are from the year 1569. Here, Oldershusen is spoken of in an excerpt from the Elbe map in the State Archives in Hanover.
1619 Schlaugenfeld dike, creation of the mill dike (now Katendeich)
(Course of the 30 Years War May 23, 1618 - 1648)
1627 Destruction by Danish & Imperial troops
(Course of the 30 Years War May 23, 1618 - 1648)
As in the rest of the country, there was a significant turning point in the course of the Thirty Years' War, when the villages of the region were largely destroyed in 1627, first by the Danish troops and then by the imperial war troops, and the population was cruelly mistreated.
1631 Destruction by Swedish troops
(Course of the 30 Years War May 23, 1618 - 1648)
In 1631 the destruction was repeated among the Swedish troops; and for the following decades many farms were temporarily vacant in many villages.
1695 Oldershausen and its house brands
In the Winser Marsch, every farmhouse had its own house brand, with which all equipment that belonged to the same was drawn. It was also burned in the horns of the cows, the webs of geese and ducks, etc. Even documents were signed with it.
1756–1763 Burdens and losses in the Seven Years' War
During the 7-year war as well as under the Napoleonic occupation, the numerous marches and occupations of foreign army units resulted in considerable burdens and losses. However, deliberate destruction did not take place, so that the farms were relocated over time and a few more growers followed until the 19th century. These mainly settled in the course of the roads leading out of town, which developed as the main traffic routes. An exception in this context is the settlement on Katendeich in Oldershausen; the former name Mühlendeich reveals the reason for the construction of this settlement line. Characteristic for the development of medieval agriculture was the transformation of the deciduous forests, which was significantly boosted by the wood requirements of the Lüneburg saltworks. On the few loamy sites in the vicinity of the local locations, the oak and beech forests were mainly converted into arable land.
1802 Dissolution of the meanness
1842 coupling
1855 storm surge & dike breaches
1878–1879 Melirosation project - construction of the Neetze Canal
1885 Transfer to the Harburg district
Oldershausen, on the other hand, was assigned to the Vogtei Marsch in the Winsen office, which was also transferred to the Harburg district in 1885.
October 2, 1886–1888 Construction of the Ilmenau Canal & Friedrichsbrücke
Construction of the Ilmenau Canal in 1886
Source of copy: Chronicle of the Oldershausen School by teacher Heinrich Meyn
In the chronicle of the Oldershausen school there is a description of the preparations for the construction of the Ilmenau Canal. The teacher at the time, Heinrich Meyn, describes the processes in detail and clearly:
“In October of the year 1886, the implementation of the major amelioration project, the drainage of the Ilmenau lowlands, began. Dassele includes the area on the Ilmenau from Bardowick to the Elbe and extends sideways to Wendisch and Garlstorf in the Bleckede district. The entire area of 15,000 hectares suffers from the floods of the Elbe and Ilmenau, which recede into the tributaries of the Neetze and Ilau and prevent their drainage. It is calculated that every fifth to seventh summer harvest is lost and that on average ¼ of the annual harvest is more or less damaged. A cooperative was formed on the basis of a project according to which the Ilmenau and partly also the Ilau and Neetze are to be corrected, diked and closed against the underwater by sluices at a cost of 1,882,000 marks.
September 10, 1886 - Assembly of deputies of the drainage cooperative of the Ilmenau lowlands
On September 10th above, a meeting of deputies of the drainage cooperative of the Ilmenau lowlands was held in the shooting trench at Lüneburg. In addition to the director of Friedrichs zu Lüneburg, the building officer Heß from Hanover and the government councilor v. Ellerts appeared as the representative of the Royal Government 55 deputies with voting rights.
After the presence of the individual gentlemen had been ascertained by a call by name, the agenda was entered. The main point of the negotiations was the resolution on the question of whether, after all the preparatory work (had) been done and, above all, how high the maximum contributions to be paid by the individual interested parties would be, one wanted to start with the execution of the large company or not .
After lengthy, in-depth negotiations, in which, among others, the court owners Zeyn - Stove, Lodders - Drage and Harms - dogs in favor, while the court owners Peters - Elbstorf, Kraßmann - Bütlingen and Grimm - Hittbergen against the execution, during the Director Friedrichs explained the current status of the matter, the government council emphasized how the prospective state subsidy was a comparatively high one and how all the conditions were currently so favorable that he could only warmly support the start of the work.
The director then submitted the following motion for a resolution: On the basis of the general situation and the initiated submission, the meeting of deputies decides to start the implementation work on the improvement of the Ilmenau lowland according to Hess's plans of 1879 and 1884 and leaves the selection of the submitted to the board of directors Offers, as well as the conclusion of the contacts with the individual companies and suppliers.
Since there was no objection, this motion was voted on by name and the result was that 31 men voted with “yes”, 24 against with “no”. So the execution is finally decided and, as we confidently hope, it will be for the best for our agriculture as well as for the promotion of Ilmenau shipping and for the good of the city of Lüneburg. After the end of the meeting, as on the following day, negotiations were held about the execution and early commencement of the work and it was decided to give the execution of all earthworks to the contractor v. To transfer Höppen in Düsseldorf.
April 1, 1912 Oldershausen station, the Elbmarschbahn begins operations.
Even before the Winsen – Hützel railway line was completed, the Winsen district was considering building a line along the Elbe. Since there was an Elbe ferry in Niedermarschacht, the district council decided in 1908 to build the route to this place. For this purpose, a separate company Kleinbahn Winsen-Niedermarschacht GmbH was founded. Operations started on April 1, 1912. There was an operational management community with the other Winsener Kleinbahn before the Lower Saxony State Small Railroad Office was responsible for the operational management of both railways in 1933 . In 1944, both Winsen railway companies were incorporated into the East Hanoverian railways .
A special feature was the combined road / rail bridge at Nettelberg over the Ilmenau Canal, then a parallel road bridge was built in 1968, so that the bridge has only been used by the railway since then. In 1996 the line from Marschacht to Niedermarschacht was closed.
1934 Construction of the Neetze bridge on the main road at the school
1940 flood
1939–1945 World War II
1957–1958 Construction of the Barum pumping station canal
1960 Land consolidation
1972 Marschacht parish
On July 1, 1972, Oldershausen was incorporated into the municipality of Marschacht.
1980–1981 construction of the B404
Land consolidation in the 1990s
2001 Friedrichsbrücke new building
2009-2020 construction work through the village renewal plan of 2009
2011 Laying of the gas pipeline from Russia
2015–2017 relocation of the fiber optic network
Old-time buildings
| Years of construction | Street | Photo earlier | old architectural drawing | Photo today |
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education
In 2001, the Binnenmarsch elementary school of the Elbmarsch municipality was established in the Hunden district of Drager , the neighboring village three kilometers away . This is a single and reliable primary school in Lower Saxony, which is attended by children from Oldershausen as well as dogs, movers and Fahrenholz. It emerged from the Oldershausen elementary school - the kindergarten is located in this building today - with the branch in Hunden.
When there was a regional reform in 1975 , numerous village schools were closed . To prevent this, the Oldershausen and Hunden schools joined forces so that the first and second school classes were taught in dogs, the third and fourth class in Oldershausen. Oldershausen originally had a primary and secondary school with grades one to eight, which was headed by Martin Barz from 1960 to 1988, then by Jens Stelter and, from 1992, by Birgit Jurischka-Otto. In 1971 it became a pure elementary school.
Thanks to the commitment of the citizens, the school did not close for almost 30 years. Due to the growing number of pupils, lessons in the old school building were barely possible and the school should be closed according to the 1998 school development plan. This led to a resolution by the joint municipal council so that the Binnenmarsch primary school was established.
traffic
Road traffic
District roads 2 (in the direction of Winsen (Luhe) via Hunden) and 81 (in the direction of Marschacht ) run through Oldershausen . Furthermore, the federal highway 404 runs through the eastern local area.
Rail transport
The Winsen – Niedermarschacht railway , which also runs through the town, provided a connection to the rail network until passenger traffic was abandoned in 1976. Currently, the line, which is owned by the Osthannoverschen Eisenbahn, is only used for freight traffic.
The only exceptions are historical train journeys with the Heide Express .
Bus transport
The place is connected with five bus stops to the bus line 4404 (Winsen - Laßrönne - Oldershausen - Niedermarschacht), which can be used under the tariff conditions of the Hamburger Verkehrsverbund .
Volunteer firefighter
The Oldershausen Volunteer Fire Brigade, founded in 1873, provides fire protection and general help. She is primarily responsible for the village, but her area of work also includes the Eichholz industrial area and the surrounding Feldmark. The Oldershausen volunteer fire brigade cooperates with the neighboring fire brigades for larger deployments. In addition, she belongs to the fire fighting department (B3) of the district fire brigade of the Harburg district. The Oldershausen Youth Fire Brigade has existed since June 1, 2010 and is the ninetieth in the Harburg district. The adjacent sports field and the immediate vicinity of the fire station are used as practice locations, as is the fire station itself. This was rebuilt and modernized between 2009 and 2010.
leisure offers
In addition to the volunteer fire brigade, Oldershausen has various leisure activities. The sports club TSV Oldershausen was founded in 1925 and offers sports such as dancing and gymnastics. There is also an “Ole Au” fishing club, a Faslamsclub and a marching band belonging to the fire brigade.
Tourist offers
The place Oldershausen is located on the Ilmenau cycle path , after the Nadelwehr in Fahrenholz you can see the heritage-protected farmhouses of the place.
The free Elbe shuttle has a connection to the bus stop in the direction of Hunden at the weekend, which in turn offers a connection to the Heide-Rad-Bus ( Heide-Shuttle ).
On the Ilmenau Canal trips with the Ilmenau museum ship are occasionally offered.
Canoeing is very popular on the Neetze or the Ilmenau Canal; these can be found in the neighboring town of Fahrenholz.
The old railway line is still used on a few occasions, see historical train journeys with the Heide Express .
Individual evidence
Drage (with Drennhausen, Elbstorf, Mover, Fahrenholz, dogs, Schwinde and Stove) | Marschacht (with Eichholz , Niedermarschacht, Obermarschacht, Oldershausen and Rönne ) | Tespe (with Avendorf and Bütlingen )
- ↑ Population numbers according to districts
- ↑ Winsener March. Retrieved November 21, 2012 .
- ↑ a b c Document village renewal from 2009
- ↑ a b c Documents from the Oldershausen village chronicle
- ↑ a b Copies of newspaper clippings Winsener Anzeiger
- ↑ a b c book Elbmarschkultur between Bleckede and Winsen by Ernst Reinstorf from 1929
- ↑ a b book Our Elbmarsch yesterday and today by Hans-Peter Meyn from 2005
- ↑ a b Chronicle of the Oldershausen School by teacher Heinrich Meyn
- ^ Winsen – Niedermarschacht railway line
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 228 .
- ^ History. Binnenmarsch primary school, accessed January 12, 2017 .
- ↑ VOG bus route 4404. (PDF; 8.5 kB) Retrieved on June 13, 2014 .
- ↑ transport links. Retrieved December 29, 2012 .
- ↑ Chronicle from 1873 to 1998. Oldershausen Volunteer Fire Brigade, accessed on January 12, 2017 .
- ↑ Oldershausen volunteer fire brigade. Retrieved June 13, 2014 .
- ^ Oldershausen youth fire brigade. Retrieved June 13, 2014 .
- ↑ Sports offer. (No longer available online.) TSV Oldershausen, archived from the original on January 11, 2017 ; accessed on January 12, 2017 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Minstrel of the FF Oldershausen. Oldershausen Volunteer Fire Brigade, accessed on January 12, 2017 .
