Orangery (Ansbach)
| Orangery Ansbach | |
|---|---|
 Orangery with partial view of the courtyard garden |
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| Data | |
| place | Ansbach , Promenade 33 |
| Coordinates | 49 ° 18 '8 " N , 10 ° 34' 49.3" E |
The orangery is a baroque orangery building in the margravial courtyard garden of the Central Franconian district capital Ansbach .
history
Pleasure house
As early as the 16th century, a herb garden, horticultural facilities and a “pleasure and opera house” were built on the site of today's Ansbacher Hofgarten. This pleasure house was built in 1596 under the direction of the margravial court architect Gideon Bacher as a rectangular, three-story Renaissance building with a large tower. The building survived the destructive times of the Thirty Years War , but fell victim to a major fire on March 14, 1667.
Under Margrave Johann Friedrich , who ruled between 1672 and 1686, the ruin of the pleasure house was rebuilt at great expense and experienced its heyday in the following years. Johann Friedrich's successor, Georg Friedrich the Younger , brought well-known musicians, such as the famous Italian composers Antonio Pistocchi and Giuseppe Torelli , to the Ansbacher Fürstenhof. In this way, important operas were created during this time, which were brought to lavish performances in the pleasure and opera house.
Baroque orangery
From 1723 onwards, Margravine Christiane Charlotte had the courtyard garden fundamentally redesigned according to the French garden ideal and ordered that the architecturally out of fashion and dilapidated pleasure house be torn down. An orangery in the form of a bitter orange house was to be built in its place as the architectural center of the baroque garden. The frost-sensitive ornamental plants of the courtyard garden should be kept here in winter and large summer festivals take place in the halls in summer. The then senior building director Carl Friedrich von Zocha was entrusted with the planning , who shortly before had rebuilt the castle in Unterschwaningen for Christiane Charlotte and her husband Wilhelm Friedrich .
Construction of the orangery began in 1726. Until Zocha left the princely building administration in 1731, the shell was only finished. The orangery was not finally completed and plastered until 1744 under Leopoldo Retti. The mansard roof had to be repaired by Johann David Steingruber in 1760 because it was damaged.
In 1827 Alois Keym furnished the orangery with two picture cycles from Bavarian and margravial history. During the Second World War , the orangery building and its furnishings were largely destroyed by the bombing raids on Ansbach and rebuilt under the direction of the Ansbach architect Wilhelm Baumann. Today the premises of the orangery are partly used as a café, partly as a venue for festivities and large public events, such as B. concerts of the Ansbacher Bachwoche , used.
In the immediate vicinity of the orangery building, Kaspar Hauser was inflicted a life-threatening stab wound on December 14, 1833 , from which he died a short time later. There is now a memorial stone at the site of the crime scene.
The orangery is registered as an architectural monument in the Bavarian list of monuments. Administration is the responsibility of the Bavarian Administration of State Palaces, Gardens and Lakes .
Building description
Exterior design
The orangery building was erected on muddy ground in the middle of the old river bed of the Rezat , which made a wooden post grid necessary as a foundation for the massive north wall of the building. The orangery is 102 m long and presents itself as an elongated, castle-like one-wing complex, which is divided by three pavilions . The baroque building has 25 arched windows and four large rectangular windows on its south side, which can be opened to the courtyard garden. Between the windows there are pilasters with Ionic capitals that double in the area of the pavilion walls. While the south front aligns itself with the level garden ground floor, the north front slopes down towards the Rezat. The north wall is only equipped with a series of segment-arched windows in its base. A colonnade of Ionic double columns rises on the base , which are placed in front of the wall. The two head sides in the east and west convey the natural difference in terrain and compensate for the difference in height between the access avenue and the own floor level with a set of stairs.
inside rooms
With a square central room (domed hall) and two long halls, the elongated structure contains a total of three large representative rooms:
- "Green Hall" with 225 m² (approx. 12.5 m × 18 m)
- "Blue Hall" with 437 m² (approx. 12.5 m × 35 m)
- "Dome Hall" with 156 m² (approx. 12.5 m × 12.5 m)
The supply rooms used to be in the outer pavilions. Today there is a café in the west pavilion.
Architectural style
The orangery was built in the Baroque style as an elongated, castle-like complex with triple risalits , pilasters and colonnades. The architectural style of the orangery is based very closely on French models of its time: the south facade is modeled on the Grand Trianon (pleasure palace) in Versailles , the north side with the so-called Louvre colonnades is based on the east facade of the Louvre .
By copying French castle facades, Zocha was able to elevate the orangery to a castle-like structure. According to the architectural understanding of the time, this was also considered necessary, as the residential palace was not directly connected to the court garden and without a magnificent orangery the representative structural reference point for the baroque garden would have been missing.
In particular with the north facade with the colonnades, which can be seen from afar, Zocha and his client Christiane Charlotte wanted to create the impression of a “fairytale temple surrounded by water”. The colonnades of the orangery were to be reflected in the water of a specially created semicircular basin, which was fed via a canal from the Rezat, which was already flowing north to the north . Great value was attached to this principle of reflection in baroque architecture.
See also
literature
- Christoph Graf von Pfeil: Ansbach residence with courtyard garden and orangery. Official leader. Recast; Bavarian Administration of State Palaces, Gardens and Lakes. Munich 2005, ISBN 3-932982-58-4 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Hermann Dallhammer, Werner citizens: Ansbach: history of a city . Hercynia, Ansbach 1993, ISBN 978-3-925063-35-0 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g Josef Maier: Residenzschloß Ansbach. Shape and equipment in the course of time. Self-published by the historical association for Middle Franconia, Ansbach 2005, ISBN 3-87707-660-2 .
- ↑ a b http://www.orangerie-ansbach.de/historisches.html
- ↑ List of monuments for Munich (PDF) at the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation, monument number D-5-61-000-24
- ↑ Quote: Elongated structure with triple risalit formation, pilasters and colonnades on the north side, built by Karl-Friedrich von Zocha, 1726–28, interior work and changes by Leopoldo Retti, mansard roof 1760
- ↑ http://www.schloesser.bayern.de/deutsch/ueberuns/av/av.htm
- ↑ Architectural monuments of the city of Ansbach ( Memento of the original from January 18, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . ansbachplus, accessed on January 18, 2017.
