Organ of the St. Nikolai Church (Stralsund)
| Organ of the St. Nikolai Church (Stralsund) | |
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| General | |
| place | St. Nikolai Church (Stralsund) |
| Organ builder | Carl August Buchholz |
| Construction year | 1841 |
| Last renovation / restoration | 2003–2006 by Wegscheider and Klais |
| epoch | Early Romanticism |
| Organ landscape | Western Pomerania |
| Technical specifications | |
| Number of registers | 56 |
| Number of rows of pipes | 85 |
| Number of manuals | 3 |
| Wind chest | Slider chests |
| Tone tract | Mechanically |
| Register action | Mechanically |
| Number of 32 'registers | 3 |
| Number of 64 'registers | - |
The organ of the Nikolaikirche in Stralsund is the second church music instrument in this church and was completed by Carl August Buchholz in 1841. After interim changes and a sanitation, it was inaugurated again in October 2006.
It is an organ with three manuals , a pedal and 56 stops . It is one of the rare preserved organs of the early romantic period in Northern Europe .
Building history
New building by CA Buchholz in 1841
In 1829 Carl August Buchholz, who in the same year had made modifications to the Stellwagen organ in the Marienkirche in Stralsund , was commissioned to submit a cost estimate for the construction of a new organ. The organ by Nikolaus Maaß from 1599 (Maaß also built the organ in the church of Barth in 1597 ) had major defects.
On February 14, 1829, Buchholz submitted a plan for the organ with 48 registers on three manuals and pedal, although the plans were postponed due to the costs being considered too high. In 1837, with the assistance of the organ expert August Wilhelm Bach and the general superintendent of Pomerania Carl Ritschl, changes to the disposition were made and the previous plan was enlarged. a. 12 registers were added. Now the municipality gave the contract for the construction, which was carried out from 1839 to 1841. The actual costs were 11,060 thalers, 28 groschen and 7 pfennigs. The 56 registers are distributed over three manuals and pedal. For the solemn organ consecration on August 8, 1841, the first organist Paul Andreas Peters played Joseph Haydn's creation .
Modifications in 1879 and 1895 by Mehmel
In the years 1879 and 1895, the master organ builder Friedrich Albert Mehmel made various changes that changed the timbre. In 1890/91 the porphyry color of the case was replaced by a darker one. During the First World War , the large prospect pipes had to be delivered as a metal donation from the German people in 1917 . These were melted down and made into weapons. They were replaced by zinc pipes in 1924 . In the same year, Walter Stutz installed a new bellows system in the old bellows house.
Remodeling in 1935 by Heinze
In 1933, Johannes Biehle recommended in an expert report a “refreshing of the pipe material”, the “overhaul of the pipe drawer” and the “replacement of the action mechanism with pneumatics or electropneumatics”. Gustav Heinze from the Reinhold Heinze company in Kolberg electrified the organ in 1935 and expanded it to four manuals. In the process, the substructure including the mechanics was torn out and the organ was placed on four new beam stamps and supported in the side walls of the church, which turned out to be a serious mistake, as it not only damaged the optics, but also the stability of the organ. The timbre changed from romantic to baroque according to the fashion of the time , in keeping with the organ movement . The magazine Das Bollwerk praised the Buchholz organ in 1935 in issue 10 as "Pomerania's largest organ".
Expansion by Schuke 1951/1955
At the end of the Second World War , the organ suffered damage from penetrating rainwater and there were technical defects. Despite the times of need, the parish decided to rebuild and against demolition and new construction. In 1951 and 1955 the organ was rebuilt again, the company Alexander Schuke from Potsdam expanded the instrument to 79 registers, built in electropneumatics and a Rückpositiv . However, the success of this conversion was not satisfactory: the electropneumatics were prone to failure and weather-dependent, and the sound of the organ was unsatisfactory. The lack of high quality materials was one of the reasons for the unsatisfactory sound.
Renovation by Wegscheider and Klais 2003–2006
In 1986 the organ had to be shut down because of the urgent need for renovation and the upcoming renovation work in the church. It was musically replaced by a smaller one from the Alexander Schuke company, but remained in its place in the Nikolaikirche. In 1997 an organist, the cantor Frank Dittmer, played the makeshift instrument again for the first time. Cracked wind tunnels had been mended and the wind engine repaired. Dittmer also got the upcoming renovation going.
In 1998, the parish council decided to renovate the organ after considering the possibility of demolishing and building a new one or building a new one using old structures. The decisive factor for the order for the renovation was that the Buchholz organ in the Black Church in Brașov is an instrument that has been almost completely preserved and could serve as a sonic and structural model.
The company Orgelwerkstatt Wegscheider was commissioned with the inventory. The 50-page inventory was better than expected, but the number of original parts turned out to be very small. Numerous reports from international experts were then obtained. In March 2003, took over German Foundation for Monument Protection with a million euro for most of the financial requirements for the rehabilitation in the amount of 1.6 million euros, the company Wegscheider from Dresden and Klais of Bonn received the order. Wegscheider carried the artistic responsibility and took over the restoration and reconstruction of the case as well as the labial metal pipes and the wind chests, Klais was responsible for the new construction of wooden pipes and prospect pipes, actions, wind systems and the mechanics as well as the restoration of the only surviving Buchholz wooden pipes (violon bass 32 ′) is responsible. From April 2003 onwards the organ was renovated.
First the Rückpositiv from 1955 was removed, from September 22, 2003 the organ was gutted and the original inventory was separated from later additions. After the substructure was dismantled in 1935, the housing with its approximately twelve-meter-high wall, which had sunk by 14 centimeters, was rebalanced on October 15, 2003 using jacks and supports. The substructure was rebuilt in half-timbering and clad according to the historical model. In the summer of 2004 the bellows and the large pedal whistles were used. In the same year the parish decided to restore the original porphyry color of the housing, which happened in the summer of 2005. In the same year the revised windchest, the mechanics, action, the console and the moving parts were reinstalled. The ivory- covered keys of the newly built console come from an old English organ, some original keys were discovered in the warehouse of the Greifswald Buchholz organ. The register arrangement was reconstructed based on a photo by Walter Stutz from 1917; the manubria were made from maple , the register plates from hand-painted porcelain .
A third 32 'register was installed again, which was preserved in the original but had disappeared for a long time. The organ builders worked with Stralsund pipes on the Buchholz organ in Brașov to preserve the original sound. The Stralsund pipes were built into the instrument there and the sound was copied. 30 percent of the old pipe inventory has been refurbished. In May 2006 the Wegscheider company began with the intonation of the organ, which lasted until October 2006. On the last weekend in October 2006 the instrument was inaugurated with concerts and festivities .
Disposition since 2006
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- Pair : III / II, I / II, II / P.
- Playing aids : valve main manual, valve upper manual, valve lower manual, valve large pedal, valve pedal, calcant bell, evacuant, tremulant (whole organ)
- Remarks
Technical specifications
.JPG)
- 56 registers
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Wind supply :
- 9 wedge bellows,
- Slider drawer
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Game table (s) :
- Play closet,
- 3 manuals,
- Pedal,
- Register pulls.
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Action :
- Tone action: mechanical,
- Stop action: mechanical.
Organists
- July 30, 1841–1869: Paul Andreas Peters
- September 17, 1869–1871: Carl Fuchs
- September 26, 1871–1891: Robert Johann Theodor Dornheckter
- April 1, 1891–1894: Carl Mann
- February 12, 1894–…: Hans Rohloff
- … -…: Otto Weu
- 1939-22. January 1959: Liselotte Bräuniger Friday
- October 1, 1959 to June 30, 1997: Günter Wehmer
- 1997-31. May 2002: Frank Dittmer
- since January 1, 2003: Matthias Pech
literature
- Dietrich W. Prost : Stralsund's organs . Organ building specialist publisher Rensch, Lauffen 1996, ISBN 3-921848-07-5 .
- Matthias Pech : The Buchholz organ in St. Nikolai . In: World Cultural Heritage . No. 02 , 2006, ISSN 1860-4900 .
- Matthias Pech: Festschrift for the rededication of the Buchholz organ in St. Nikolai zu Stralsund from October 28th to 31st, 2006 . Ed .: Parish of St. Nikolai zu Stralsund. 2006.
Recordings / sound carriers
- The Buchholz organ in St. Nikolai zu Stralsund. (Matthias Pech plays works by Mendelssohn Bartholdy, Becker, Hesse, Richter, Merkel, Finzenhagen, Ritter)
- Frank Dittmer at the Buchholz organ in St. Nikolai zu Stralsund . Works by Bach, Schumann, Bartmuß and Mendelssohn Bartholdy. Bernd Roth music production, 2008
- Psalms on the Buchholz organ ( Gotthold Schwarz , bass and Matthias Pech, organ): Dvorak (Biblical songs), Rheinberger (including 3rd sonata), Ritter (2nd sonata)
Web links
- Ph. CA Klais: For the restoration of the Buchholz organ in St. Nikolai, Stralsund. (PDF file, accessed February 20, 2017)