Ottó Herman
Ottó Herman (born June 26, 1835 in Breznóbánya , then Kingdom of Hungary , now Slovakia, † December 27, 1914 in Budapest ) was a Hungarian naturalist , ethnologist and politician. His work in the field of entomology , ichthyology and ornithology was groundbreaking for the scientific development of the flora and fauna of Hungary.
Life
Ottó Herman (also Otto Hermann ) was born on June 26, 1835 in Breznóbánya (now Brezno , Slovakia) in Upper Hungary . His father was a doctor and classmate of the ornithologist Salamon János Petényi . His family originally came from Upper Saxony. In 1847 his parents moved with him and his younger siblings to the eastern Hungarian city of Miskolc . As a 13-year-old child, he experienced the unsuccessful Hungarian revolution of 1848/1849 with formative memories of later participation in political struggles for freedom.
After graduating from high school in Miskolc, he did an internship at the Vienna Kuk Hof Natural History Cabinet and the collection of the Swiss entomologist Karl Brunner-von Wattenwyl . From 1853 to 1856 he studied at the Polytechnic Institute in Vienna . In 1863 he took part in the Polish January uprising and on his return to Miskolc in 1864 he came into contact with the natural scientist Sámuel Brassai from Cluj (Klausenburg). In the following years he worked as a curator in the museum of the Transylvanian Museum Association, where he set up the zoological collection and wrote his first scientific papers.
The Royal Hungarian Scientific Society became aware of his studies and tried to win him over to their work. In 1875 he got a job at the zoological department of the Hungarian National Museum (MNM). As a member of the Independence Party , he was elected Member of Parliament in 1879 ; first as a representative for Szeged , from 1893 for Miskolc. In 1885 he married Kamilla Borosnyay (1856-1916).
Until the end of the 1880s, he traveled and researched Greater Cumania , the Bakony Mountains , the Schomodei and Transylvania . From 1888 to 1891 he went on a research trip to Norway .
In 1891 he organized the 2nd International Ornithological Congress in Budapest . His exhibition at the Paris World Exhibition in 1900 received much acclaimed criticism and earned him membership in the French Legion of Honor . He founded the Hungarian Ornithological Institute in 1893 and the Society for Hungarian Linguistics ( Magyar Nyelvtudományi Társaság ) in 1904 . Herman died in 1914 at the age of 79 of complications from pneumonia.
plant
Herman is the author of numerous mainly ornithological books. He also published poems (with János Arany , Mihály Tompa and Sándor Petőfi ) in which he shows his love for the world of birds. Ottó Herman actively promoted bird protection .
Exhibitions (selection)
- 1900: Hungarian pavilion at the Paris World Exhibition
Publications (selection)
- 1879: Hungary's spider fauna I-III , KU Natural Science Society, Budapest
- 1881: Language and Science , Franklin, Budapest
- 1885: Traces of prehistory in the devices of the Hungarian Folk Fishermen , Franklin, Budapest
- 1891: JS v. Petényi the founder of scientific ornithology in Hungary. 1799-1855 , Second International Ornithological Congress, Budapest
- 1899: From the course of birds on a positive basis , Hungarian Ornithological Center, Budapest
- 1901: Bird Protection , Hungarian Ornithological Center, Budapest
- 1902: The Importance of the Anatomy of Birds , Herman, Budapest
- 1906: Form circles and ornithophaenology , Hungarian Ornithological Central, Budapest
- 1906: On the Miskolez Solutréen , Anthropological Society, Vienna
- 1910: The benefits and harm of birds , Willy Scheibe, Gera
- 1910: The artifact of Olónec and what belongs to it , Anthropological Society, Vienna
honors and awards
The Ottó-Herman Lake ( Herman Ottó tó ) and the Herman-Ottó fish reserve not far from the village of Orfű in Baranya County are named after him. Among the named after Herman streets and squares include the Herman Ottó út in the cities Alsózsolca and Budapest - District Törökvész the II District. - and the Herman Ottó tér the city of Kecskemét . Numerous schools across Hungary bear his name. On July 12, 2014, an asteroid was named after him: (190504) Hermanottó .
Ottó Herman Museum
In 1953, the natural science Ottó Herman Museum ( Herman Ottó Múzeum ) was founded in Miskolc . It contains, among other things, local archaeological finds, a collection of weapons as well as folklore and local history exhibits; meanwhile also an art collection.
The former home of Ottó Hermans in Lillafüred (built 1898–1903) has been used for exhibitions by the Museum Directorate of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County since 1951 , and has housed a memorial museum ( Herman Ottó emlékház ) since 1964 . The building was completely renovated in 2007.
Ottó Herman monument
The sculptor Ferenc Medgyessy created a life-size limestone statue of Ottó Hermans in 1957. The statue stands today in front of the Miskolc Europa House ( Európa Ház , formerly Almássy Villa).
Ottó Herman Medal
As part of a national competition, the Hungarian Society for Karst and Speleological Research has been awarding the Ottó-Herman Medal ( Herman Ottó-érem ) every year since 1962 .
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See also
literature
- József Szabadfalvi: Writings on Ottó Herman and the Herman Ottó Museum. Borsodi 1987
- Béla Szabó: The scholar Ottó Herman and Lillafüred. Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County Museums Directorate, 1975
- Herman Otto. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 2, publishing house of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1959, p. 284 f. (Direct links on p. 284 , p. 285 ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Herman, Otto (PDF; 197 kB), in the Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 , accessed on April 9, 2012
- ^ Transylvanian Museum Association (EME), accessed on April 9, 201
- ^ Herman Ottó , Széchényi National Library , accessed April 9, 2012
- ^ Ottó Herman Museum , Ottó Herman Museum, accessed on April 9, 2012
- ^ Hungarian Society for Karst and Speleology (MKBT), accessed on April 9, 2012
Web links
- Entry about Ottó Herman in the Hungarian Biographical Lexicon (MEK) of the National Széchényi Library (Hungarian)
- Literature by and about Ottó Herman in the catalog of the German National Library
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Herman, Ottó |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Herman, Otto |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Hungarian naturalist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | June 26, 1835 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Breznóbánya |
| DATE OF DEATH | December 27, 1914 |
| Place of death | Budapest |