Otto von Botenlauben
(illustrated by a scroll)
( Codex Manesse , 14th century)
Otto von Henneberg (* probably 1177 in Henneberg ; † before 1245 near Kissingen ) was a German minstrel , crusader and monastery founder as well as Count von Botenlauben (as such Otto von Botenlauben ) from the noble family Henneberg .
Life
Origin and family
Otto was the fourth son of Count Poppo VI. von Henneberg , Burgrave of Würzburg, and his wife Sophie, daughter of Berthold III. from Andechs . Cousins were Heinrich IV, Margrave of Istria, Ekbert of Andechs-Meranien , Bishop of Bamberg , and Berthold of Meran , Patriarch of Aquileia . Otto's cousin was the holy Hedwig of Silesia The Saint Elizabeth of Thuringia was his niece mother.
Naming
In the oldest documents (1196 and 1197) he called himself "Count von Henneberg" after his father. In 1206 he drew for the first time as "Graf von Botenlauben" after the Botenlauben Castle near Kissingen, the ruins of which are still standing today.
Crusaders
Otto was first recorded in 1197 at the court of Emperor Heinrich VI. testifies that he took part in the Italian campaign. Then Otto went on the crusade of Henry VI. to the Holy Land and made a career in the Kingdom of Jerusalem , where he achieved respect and prosperity and in 1208 at the latest Beatrix von Courtenay , the heir to the royal seneschal Joscelin III. , married, from whose right he inherited the rule called "Seigneurie de Joscelin" . In 1220 he sold the rule to the Teutonic Order and finally returned to Germany, where he performed several times at the imperial court in the following years. In 1234 he sold the Botenlauben Castle to the Diocese of Würzburg. Otto spent the last years of his life in pious seclusion. His two sons, Otto and Heinrich, as well as his grandson Albert, entered the clergy, so that Otto's line died out without an heir.
Monastery founder
In 1231 Otto and his wife founded the Cistercian convent Frauenroth , where both are buried. In 1244 he gave the monastery extensive possessions. The monastery was destroyed in the Thirty Years War ; the tombstone has been preserved to this day.
minstrel
Otto is one of the minstrels collected in the Codex Manesse . His oeuvre is narrow: little more than ten advertising and day songs and one corpse have survived. Texts by him are also in the Weingartner Liederhandschrift and (a poem under the name Niune ) in the Kleiner Heidelberger Liederhandschrift and also in the Carmina Burana.
Otto wrote a single stanza that is significant for the history of literature, that of the Karfunkelstein:
- Karbvnkel is called ain stain,
- It is said of him how he borrows machines.
- it is min - and it is wise:
- to hole he lit in the rine.
- the king has the orphan,
- that ime nobody shines lat.
- dirre to me as ime tvt who:
- keep is min vrowe than him.
The 4th line is without a doubt an allusion to the Nibelungenlied (sinking of the Nibelungenhort by Hagen “to Loche in the Rhine”); So Otto must have known it; and this poem of his could be a key to his dating. However, the stone is mentioned in the text by Albertus Magnus around 1250 and in a handover inventory in 1350, but the Nibelungenlied was written at the beginning of the 13th century. Thus the " orphan " from the imperial crown cannot have perished.
The fifth line is an allusion to the orphanage named most beautiful and precious [Karfunkel-] Stone (term for red corundum, especially rubies) in the imperial crown , probably here - similar to Walther von der Vogelweide - stands pars pro toto, d. H. the whole crown thinks. With the king, to whom the crown with the "orphan" does not appear, is generally meant one of the double- elected kings of the Staufer period who - at least at the time of the coronation - was not in possession of the imperial crown. Such [counter] kings without an imperial crown existed in 1198 ( Otto IV. - Crown owned by Philip of Swabia ), 1208 (Otto IV. Sole king, but the crown of Bishop Konrad von Speier kept under lock and key at Trifels Castle) and 1215 / 1219 ( Friedrich II. - Crown owned by Otto IV.).
literature
Primary texts
- Otte von Bottenlouben . In: Carl von Kraus: German song poet of the 13th century. Volume 1: Text. 2nd edition, reviewed by Gisela Kornrumpf . Niemeyer, Tübingen 1978, ISBN 3-484-10284-5 , pp. 307-316 (= No. 41).
Secondary literature
- Klaus Dieter Jaehrling: Otto's songs from Bodenlouben. ( Dissertations in the humanities and social sciences. Volume 5). Lüdke, Hamburg 1970, ISBN 3-920588-05-3 .
- Joachim Kröll: Otto von Botenlauben . In: Archive for the history of Upper Franconia . Volume 40. Bayreuth 1960, ISSN 0066-6335 , pp. 83-107.
- Joachim Kröll: Otto von Botenlauben. In: Wolfgang Buhl: Franconian classics. A literary history in single representations. Nürnberger Presse, Nuremberg 1971, ISBN 3-920701-28-3 , pp. 74-84.
- Norbert H. Ott: Henneberg-Botenlauben, Otto Graf von. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 8, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1969, ISBN 3-428-00189-3 , p. 538 f. ( Digitized version ).
- Silvia Ranawake: Otto von Botenlauben. In: Author's Lexicon . Volume 7. De Gruyter, Berlin 1989, column 208-213.
- Peter Weidisch (ed.): Otto von Botenlauben - minnesinger, crusader, founder of a monastery. (= Bad Kissinger Archive Writings. Volume 1). Schöningh, Würzburg 1994, ISBN 3-87717-703-4 .
- Rudolf Kilian Weigand: From the crusade call to the Minnelied. Forms of transmission and dating questions of secular Minnesian poetry. In: Marcel Dobberstein (ed.): Artes liberales. ( Eichstätter treatises on musicology. Volume 13). Schneider, Tutzing 1998, ISBN 3-7952-0932-3 , pp. 69-92.
See also
Web links
- Literature by and about Otto von Botenlauben in the catalog of the German National Library
- Otto von Botenlauben . In: Rhoen.info (Rhönlexikon)
- Otto von Botenlauben . In: LDM-Digital.de
- Count Otto von Botenlauben in the Codex Manesse
- Otto I. von Henneberg, Count von Botenlauben with Manfred Hiebl - The Genealogy of the Middle Ages
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Joscelin III. |
Lord of the “Seigneurie de Joscelin” (de iure uxoris ) 1208–1220 |
German medal |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Otto von Botenlauben |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Otto von Henneberg |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Middle High German minstrel; Crusaders; Monastery founder |
| DATE OF BIRTH | around 1177 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Henneberg |
| DATE OF DEATH | before 1245 |
| Place of death | Bad Kissingen |