Panguit

Panguit
General and classification
other names	IMA 2010-057
chemical formula	(Ti 4+ , Sc, Al, Mg, Zr, Ca) 1.8 O 3 ; (Ti, Al, Sc, Mg, Zr, Ca) 2 O 3 ;
Mineral class; (and possibly department)	Oxides and hydroxides
Crystallographic Data
Crystal system	orthorhombic
Crystal class ; symbol	orthorhombic-dipyramidal; 2 / m 2 / m 2 / m
Space group	Pbca (No. 61)
Lattice parameters	a = 9.781 Å ; b = 9.778 Å; c = 9.815 Å
Formula units	Z = 16
Physical Properties
Mohs hardness	not defined
Density (g / cm 3 )	calculated: 3.746
Cleavage	not defined
Break ; Tenacity	not defined
colour	grey black
Line color	not defined
transparency	opaque
shine	Metallic luster

Panguit is a very rarely occurring mineral from the mineral class of "oxides and hydroxides" with the chemical composition (Ti ⁴⁺ , Sc, Al, Mg, Zr, Ca) _1.8 O ₃ and thus mainly titanium (III) oxide . However, the titanium in the formula is partially replaced ( substituted ) by scandium , aluminum , magnesium , zirconium and / or calcium .

Panguit crystallizes in the orthorhombic crystal system and has so far only been discovered in the form of irregular grains up to around 1.8 μm as inclusions in meteorites .

Etymology and history

Pangu in the Chinese encyclopedia Sancai Tuhui ( Ming dynasty , 1609)

Panguit was first discovered in 2010 by Chi Ma, Oliver Tschauner, John R. Beckett, George R. Rossman and Wenjun Liu during electron microscopic examinations of the Allende meteorite at the California Institute of Technology . According to its discoverers, Panguit is said to be one of the first solid connections that formed when the solar system was formed around 4.5 billion years ago. In reference to its early development, they named the mineral after Pangu , the first living being according to Chinese mythology, from whose body the universe with sun, moon and earth arose after his death.

The mineral and the name Panguit, chosen by Chi Ma and his colleagues, was recognized by the Commission on New Minerals Nomenclature and Classification of the International Mineralogical Association (IMA / CNMNC) in December 2010 .

Holo type material from the section MC2Q the meteorite sample "Caltech Allende12A" was the National Museum of Natural History of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington DC filed (Catalog No .: USNM 7602).

classification

Since panguit was only recognized as an independent mineral in 2011, it is not listed in the outdated 8th edition , nor in the 9th edition of the mineral systematic according to Karl Hugo Strunz , which was last updated in 2009 .

Panguit has not yet been recorded in the systematics of minerals according to Dana , which is mainly used in the English-speaking area .

Only in the "Lapis mineral directory" last updated in 2018, which, out of consideration for private collectors and institutional collections, is still based on the classic systematics in the 8th edition according to Strunz, the mineral received the system no. IV / C.03-40 and would thus belong to the department "Oxides with a molar ratio of metal: oxygen = 2: 3 (M ₂ O ₃ and relatives)", where together with Bixbyit , Avicennit , Kangit and Yttriait- (Y) one common but unnamed group forms.

In the Hölzel system, which has not been widely used up to now, Panguit belongs to the "Betafit group in which titanium dominates in the structural B position" with the system no. 4.CJ.1 .

Chemism

Panguit mainly consists of titanium dioxide (TiO ₂ , 47.97%) as well as proportions of oxides with zirconium (ZrO ₂ 14.61%), scandium (Sc ₂ O ₃ 10.67%), aluminum (Al ₂ O ₃ 7.58 %), Magnesium (MgO 5.54%), yttrium (Y ₂ O ₃ 5.38%), calcium (CaO 3.34%), silicon (SiO ₂ 1.89%), iron (FeO 1.81% ), Vanadium (V ₂ O ₃ 0.95%), chromium (Cr ₂ O ₃ 0.54%) and traces of hafnium (HfO ₂ 0.28%). The empirically determined formula results in [(Ti _0.79 Zr _0.16 Si _0.04 ) ⁴⁺_Σ0.99 (Sc _0.20 Al _0.20 Y _0.06 V _0.02 Cr _0.01 ) ³⁺_Σ0.49 (Mg _0.18 Ca _0.08 Fe _0.03 ) ²⁺_{Σ0 .29} ] _А1.77O3 O ₃ .

Crystal structure

Panguit crystallizes orthorhombically in the space group Pbca (space group no. 61) with the lattice parameters a = 9.781 Å ; b = 9.778 Å and c = 9.815 Å and 16 formula units per unit cell . Template: room group / 61

Education and Locations

Panguit formed extraterrestrially and was found associated with titanium-rich davisite , scandium- and titanium-rich diopside, and olivine and troilite in inclusions of the Allende meteorite , which fell in Mexico in 1969.

Except in the Allende meteorite, which is the type locality of Panguit, the mineral has so far only been found in the Vigarano meteorite , which fell in 1910 near Vigarano Pieve, a district of Vigarano Mainarda in Italy (as of 2019).

literature

Chi Ma, Oliver Tschauner, John R. Beckett, George R. Rossman, Wenjun Liu: Panguite, (Ti ⁴⁺ , Sc, Al, Mg, Zr, Ca) _1.8 O ₃ , a new ultra-refractory titania mineral from the Allende meteorite: Synchrotron micro-diffraction and EBSD . In: American Mineralogist . tape 97 , no. 7 , 2012, p. 1219–1225 ( its.caltech.edu [PDF; 1.8 MB ; accessed on February 10, 2019]).

Web links

Mineral Atlas: Panguit (Wiki)
Panguite. In: mindat.org. Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, accessed February 10, 2019 .
American-Mineralogist-Crystal-Structure-Database - Panguite. In: rruff.geo.arizona.edu. Retrieved February 10, 2019 .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b IMA / CNMNC List of Mineral Names; November 2018 ( Memento from March 23, 2019 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF 1.7 MB)
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Chi Ma, Oliver Tschauner, John R. Beckett, George R. Rossman, Wenjun Liu: Panguite, (Ti ⁴⁺ , Sc, Al, Mg, Zr, Ca) _1.8 O ₃ , a new ultra-refractory titania mineral from the Allende meteorite: Synchrotron micro-diffraction and EBSD . In: American Mineralogist . tape 97 , no. 7 , 2012, p. 1219–1225 (English, its.caltech.edu [PDF; 1.8 MB ; accessed on February 10, 2019]).
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Stefan Weiß: The large Lapis mineral directory. All minerals from A - Z and their properties. Status 03/2018 . 7th, completely revised and supplemented edition. Weise, Munich 2018, ISBN 978-3-921656-83-9 .
↑ Dorothy Kosich: Panguite: Earth's newest and one of solar system's oldest minerals. In: mineweb.com. MineWeb, June 27, 2012, archived from the original on July 4, 2012 ; accessed on February 10, 2019 .
↑ Stefan Schorn and others: Hoelzel classification for panguit. In: mineralienatlas.de. Mineral Atlas , accessed February 10, 2019 .
↑ Adam Mann: Meteorite Hunter Discovers New Mineral. In: wired.com. Wired, June 26, 2012, accessed June 27, 2012 .
^ Vigarano (meteorite). In: lpi.usra.edu. Meteoritical Bulletin Database, accessed February 10, 2019 .
↑ Find location list for Panguit in the Mineralienatlas and in Mindat

[IMA-Liste-2018-11-1] IMA / CNMNC List of Mineral Names; November 2018 ( Memento from March 23, 2019 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF 1.7 MB)

[ChiMa-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Chi Ma, Oliver Tschauner, John R. Beckett, George R. Rossman, Wenjun Liu: Panguite, (Ti ⁴⁺ , Sc, Al, Mg, Zr, Ca) _1.8 O ₃ , a new ultra-refractory titania mineral from the Allende meteorite: Synchrotron micro-diffraction and EBSD . In: American Mineralogist . tape 97 , no. 7 , 2012, p. 1219–1225 (English, its.caltech.edu [PDF; 1.8 MB ; accessed on February 10, 2019]).

[Lapis-3] Stefan Weiß: The large Lapis mineral directory. All minerals from A - Z and their properties. Status 03/2018 . 7th, completely revised and supplemented edition. Weise, Munich 2018, ISBN 978-3-921656-83-9 .

[MineWeb-4] Dorothy Kosich: Panguite: Earth's newest and one of solar system's oldest minerals. In: mineweb.com. MineWeb, June 27, 2012, archived from the original on July 4, 2012 ; accessed on February 10, 2019 .

[MA-Hölzel-5] Stefan Schorn and others: Hoelzel classification for panguit. In: mineralienatlas.de. Mineral Atlas , accessed February 10, 2019 .

[wired-6] Adam Mann: Meteorite Hunter Discovers New Mineral. In: wired.com. Wired, June 26, 2012, accessed June 27, 2012 .

[MBD-7] Vigarano (meteorite). In: lpi.usra.edu. Meteoritical Bulletin Database, accessed February 10, 2019 .

[Fundorte-8] Find location list for Panguit in the Mineralienatlas and in Mindat