General election in Malaysia 2013
The parliamentary elections in Malaysia ( English Malaysian General Election ) took place on May 5, 2013. They included the elections to the People's Assembly ( Dewan Rakyat ), the Parliament of Malaysia and the elections to the state parliaments in 12 of the 13 states.
The Malaysian Constitution provides for a five-year legislative period. After that, the parliament of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong must be dissolved on the proposal of the Prime Minister. The elections take place as a simple majority vote under the supervision of the Malaysian Electoral Commission .
Despite a considerable loss of votes, the coalition government ( Barisan Nasional ) led by Prime Minister Najib Tun Razak emerged victorious from the parliamentary elections. It reached 133 of 222 parliamentary seats and with 59.91% of the seats is in possession of the absolute majority, but thus misses the two-thirds majority.
Prime Minister Najib Tun Rayak announced the composition of the new cabinet on May 16, 2013.
Dissolution of parliament
The dissolution of the parliament took place on April 3, 2013 by the Malaysian ruler on the proposal of the Prime Minister of Malaysia Najib Tun Razak . On the same day at 11:30 a.m., the Prime Minister announced in a televised address the dissolution of the 12th Malaysian Parliament. According to the constitution, the new elections had to take place within 60 days, i.e. between April 3 and June 2, 2013.
Dissolution of the state parliaments
In addition to the dissolution of the Malaysian parliament, the dissolution of the state parliaments ( Dewan Undangan Negeri ) is regulated in the Malaysian constitution. If the respective head of state does not dissolve at an earlier point in time at the suggestion of the prime minister of the state, the dissolution takes place automatically five years after the first meeting. New elections are also to be held within 60 days of the day of dissolution.
The table shows the date on which the legislative assemblies of each state were dissolved:
| date | End of the legislative period |
State | comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 28th March | 28th March |
 Negeri Sembilan
|
Automatically dissolved after the end of the legislative period |
| 3rd of April | 26th of April |
 Malacca
|
|
| April 24th |
 Perak
|
||
| April 29 |
 Sabah
|
||
| 4. April | April 28 |
 Kelantan
|
|
| 7th of April |
 Pahang
|
||
| April 22 |
 Selangor
|
||
| 5th of May |
 Terengganu
|
||
| April 5th | April 21 |
 Johor
|
|
| 2.May |
 Kedah
|
||
| 2.May |
.svg){kind=small} Penang
|
||
| April 28 |
 Perlis
|
The state parliament of Sarawak did not dissolve as the last elections took place in 2011 and the legislative period for Sarawak does not end until 2016. In Sarawak, in contrast to the other states, only the elections for the Malaysian parliament took place on May 5, 2013.
Determination of the election date
The Malaysian Election Commission of Malaysia announced on April 10, 2013 that the nomination of candidates would be held on April 20 and that the election date was May 5, 2013. An advance voting (early voting) was possible from 30 April. The official election campaign began on April 20th and lasted 15 days. Eligible Malaysians abroad were able to vote by postal vote in their official representations on April 28th . The embassies and consulates opened for this purpose from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. In London and Melbourne, Malaysia's national representations were even open until 8 o'clock in the evening, as more than 1,000 postal votes are registered there.
Eligible voters
The voters list included 12,992,661 eligible voters and other 275,341 eligible voters for early voting (early voting) . The early voting affected 161,251 members of the military and their wives, 111,136 members of the police force and their wives and 2,954 voters who live abroad.
Election campaign
background
The strengthened opposition in Malaysia believed that the parliamentary elections had a good chance of bringing about a change of government for the first time in Malaysia's history. The Barisan Nasional coalition government, which has ruled uninterruptedly since independence on August 31, 1957 , had already suffered a dramatic loss of votes in the last elections in 2008 and lost a two-thirds majority for the first time. The opposition alliance Pakatan Rakyat was narrowly defeated by the coalition government (BN 50.27%) in the federal elections with 46.75%; but it was able to take over government in five of the thirteen states. After some MPs defected, there were four states at the end of the legislative period. However, thanks to the majority vote , the BN retained a clear majority of 140 of the 222 seats in parliament.
Parties
Several parties competed for the 222 seats in parliament. In the fight for the government majority, the coalition parties of the ruling Barisan Nasional and the opposition parties of the Pakatan Rakyat alliance faced each other. On April 20, 2013, the day of the nomination, a total of 579 candidates applied for the 222 seats in parliament.
A total of 1,322 candidates applied for the 505 seats in the state parliaments.
The candidates for the seats in parliament and state parliaments came from the following parties or coalitions:
| Political party | Candidate parliament |
Candidate state parliaments |
|---|---|---|
| Barisan Nasional (BN) | 221 | 505 |
| Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) | 73 | 236 |
| People's Justice Party (PKR) | 99 | 172 |
| Democratic Action Party (DAP) | 51 | 103 |
| State Reform Party (STAR) | 28 | 49 |
| Sabah Progressive Party (SAPP) | 8th | 41 |
| Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front (BERJASA) | 9 | 5 |
| Malaysian People's Welfare Party (KITA) | 2 | 11 |
| BERSAMA | 1 | 4th |
| Parti Cinta Malaysia (PCM) | 2 | 3 |
| Parti Sosialis Malaysia (PSM) | 2 | 2 |
| SWP | 6th | 0 |
| Independent candidates | 79 | 191 |
| Total | 579 | 1322 |
Election implementation
The electoral commission made a total of 400 million ringgit available for holding the elections to the 13th Malaysian Parliament and the national parliaments. 234,905 election workers supervised 8,789 voting centers with 26,219 polling stations . 544 voting centers with 882 polling stations were intended exclusively for early voting.
Innovations
In contrast to the previous elections, there were four changes that were decided in 2012 through a new regulation of the electoral law:
- Before voting, the voter's left index finger is marked with non-washable paint.
- Members of the military and police can participate in an early vote.
- Disabled people can take someone they trust into the voting booth.
- Nominations for election can neither be withdrawn nor appealed.
Election observer
In order to ensure the democratic process of the elections, international and national election observers were allowed to attend. A total of 16 non-governmental organizations were named as local election observers .
Election results
The turnout was relatively high at 84.6%. The election commission published the following figures as the result of the election:
| Number of votes | in % | Seats | in % | +/- | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National Front (Barisan Nasional): | 5,237,699 | 47.38 | 133 | 59.91 | −7 |
| United Malays National Organization (Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu Bersatu, UMNO) | 3,241,286 | 29.32 | 88 | 39.64 | +9 |
| United Traditional Bumiputera Party (Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu, PBB) | 232.390 | 2.10 | 14th | 6.31 | - |
| Malaysian Chinese Association (Persatuan Cina Malaysia, MCA) | 899,420 | 8.14 | 7th | 3.15 | −8 |
| Sarawak People's Party (Parti Rakyat Sarawak, PRS) | 59.540 | 0.54 | 6th | 2.70 | - |
| Malaysian Indian Congress (Kongres India Se-Malaysia, MIC) | 291.814 | 2.64 | 4th | 1.80 | +1 |
| United Sabah Party (Parti Bersatu Sabah, PBS) | 88.097 | 0.80 | 4th | 1.80 | +1 |
| Sarawak Progressive Democratic Party (Parti Demokratie Progresif Sarawak, SPDP) | 55.505 | 0.50 | 4th | 1.80 | - |
|
United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organization (Pertubuhan Pasok Momogun Kadazandusun Bersatu, UPKO) |
65.966 | 0.60 | 3 | 1.35 | −1 |
| Malaysian People's Movement Party (Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia, Gerakan) | 153.081 | 1.38 | 1 | 0.45 | −1 |
| Sarawak United People's Party (Parti Rakyat Bersatu Sarawak, SUPP) | 133,603 | 1.21 | 1 | 0.45 | −5 |
| United Sabah People's Party (Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah, PBRS) | 9.467 | 0.08 | 1 | 0.45 | - |
| People's Progressive Party (Parti Progresif Penduduk Malaysia, PPP) | 7.530 | 0.07 | 0 | 0.00 | - |
| Liberal Democratic Party (Parti Liberal Demokratie, LDP) | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | −1 |
| People's Front (Pakatan Rakyat): | 5,623,984 | 50.87 | 89 | 40.09 | +7 |
| Democratic Action Party (Parti Tindakan Demokratie, DAP) | 1,736,267 | 15.71 | 38 | 17.12 | +10 |
| People's Justice Party (Parti Keadilan Rakyat, PKR) | 2,254,328 | 20.39 | 30th | 13.51 | −1 |
| Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (Parti Islam SeMalaysia, PAS) | 1,633,389 | 14.77 | 21st | 9.46 | −2 |
| Independent parties (and others) | 192.894 | 1.75 | 0 | 0 | - |
| total | 11,054,577 | 222 |
See also
Web links
- Elections for Newbies - Guide for Malaysian First Time Voters
- Official website of the National Front (Barisan Nasional)
- Official website of the Democratic Action Party (DAP)
- Official website of Parti Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS)
- Official website of the Parti Keadilan Rakyat (PKR)
- Elections (Conduct of Elections) (Amendment) Regulations 2013 (PDF; 385 kB)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Press release of the Prime Minister's Department of May 16, 2013
- ↑ freemalaysiatoday.com: New cabinet list - who's in and who's out ( Memento of the original from November 22, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. dated May 15, 2013; Accessed May 16, 2013
- ↑ a b Konrad Adenauer Foundation: New elections in Malaysia announced on April 11, 2013; Accessed April 19, 2013
- ↑ The Malaysian Insider: Parliament is dissolved - finally. ( Memento of the original from April 3, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , April 3, 2013; Accessed April 19, 2013
- ^ The Straits Times: Malaysia polls: Negeri Sembilan assembly automatically dissolved , April 4, 2013; Accessed April 19, 2013
- ↑ Bernama: Dewan rakyat: Six state assemblies dissolved to make way for 13GE ( Memento of the original from April 28, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , March 28, 2013; Accessed April 19, 2013
- ↑ The Star: GE13: Johor Announces dissolution of state assembly , April 5, 2013; Accessed April 19, 2013
- ↑ a b c ABN News: GE13: 13,268,002 voters to decide on future of Malaysia ( Memento of the original dated February 4, 2019 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , April 10, 2013; Accessed April 19, 2013 /
- ^ The Borneo Post: EC: Polling on May 5, Nomination on April 20, April 10, 2013; Accessed April 19, 2013
- ↑ SPR Malaysia: PENYERAHAN DAN PENERIMAAN BALIK SAMPUL KEUTAMAAN ( Memento of the original from May 1, 2013) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 47 kB); Accessed April 19, 2013
- ↑ spiegel.de May 5, 2013: Elections in Malaysia: Revolution in the Empire of the Sultans
- ↑ a b The Star: GE13: Battles in every single parliamentary and state seat ( Memento of the original from July 20, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. April 21, 2013; Accessed April 22, 2013
- ↑ fz.com: GE13: Independents galore for state, parliamentary seats ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. April 22, 2013; Accessed April 22, 2013
- ↑ Statistics Keseluruhan Bagi DUN PRU13 ( Memento of the original from April 23, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ; Accessed April 29, 2013
- ^ The Malaysian Times: EC assures smooth clean GE13, no hanky-panky , February 7, 2013; Accessed April 23, 2013
- ↑ Election Commission of Malaysia: Statistics Keseuruhan Bagi Parlimen PRU13 ( Memento of the original from April 23, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ; Accessed May 6, 2013
- ↑ Suruhanjaya Pilihan Raya Malaysia (Election Commission of Malaysia)
