Peronosporaceae

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Peronosporaceae
Phytophthora infestans, damage to the potato

Phytophthora infestans , damage to the potato

Systematics
without rank: Diaphoreticks
without rank: Sar
without rank: Stramenopiles (stramenopiles)
without rank: Egg fungi (Peronosporomycetes)
Order : Peronosporales
Family : Peronosporaceae
Scientific name
Peronosporaceae
de Bary , 1863

Peronosporaceae are a family of egg fungi comprising 21… 30 genera with more than 600 species . The plant diseases they cause are usually referred to as downy mildew .

Peronosporaceae are obligatory biotrophic phytopathogens . They parasitize the host plants in that an intercellular mycelium and its haustoria penetrate the host cells. The species in the family reproduce asexually through the formation of sporangia on special hyphae , the sporangiophores, that spread beneath the surface of infected leaves. This is perceived as "downy mildew". The sporangia are transferred to the surfaces of other leaves by the wind. Depending on the genus, the sporangia can "germinate" and form zoospores (as in Phytophthora ) or develop germ tubes. In the latter case, the sporangia behave like conidia and are often referred to as such. The sexual reproduction via oospores .

The parasitized plants are more cloudy , most species of the Peronosporaceae attack dicotyledons . Some genera have a narrower host range, e.g. B. infects Basidiophora , Paraperonospora , Protobremia and Bremia daisy family ( Asteraceae ); Perofascia and Hyaloperonospora mostly exclusively cruciferous vegetables ( Brassicaceae ); Viennotia , Graminivora , Poakatesthia , Sclerospora and Peronosclerospora sweet grasses ( Poaceae ); Plasmoverna buttercups ( Ranunculaceae ). The species-richest genera, Peronospora and Plasmopara , on the other hand, have a very large host range.

Some species of the Peronosporaceae, which attack wine ( Plasmopara viticola ) and tobacco ( Peronospora tabacina ), are of economic importance . The latter type even synchronizes the spore release with sunrise , a time of high humidity and dew fall , so that the spores are less exposed to dehydration and light. Bremia lactucae is a lettuce parasite, Plasmopara halstedii is a sunflower .

Systematics

The following genera are described:

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Peronosporaceae ( English ) National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved June 25, 2018.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa Peronosporaceae . In: Annls Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4 20: 102 (1863) . GBIF . Retrieved May 16, 2019.

literature

  • CJ Alexopolous, Charles W. Mims, M. Blackwell et al. , Introductory Mycology, 4th ed. (John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken NJ, 2004) ISBN 978-0-471-52229-4 (possibly obsolete)
  • How do obligate parasites evolve? A multi-gene phylogenetic analysis of downy mildews . In: Fungal Genetics and Biology . 44, No. 2, September, pp. 105-122. doi : 10.1016 / j.fgb.2006.07.005 .
  • Thines, M., Voglmayr, H. & Göker, M. Taxonomy and phylogeny of the downy mildews (Peronosporaceae) . In: Lamour, K. & Kamoun, S. (eds.), Oomycete genetics and Genomics (John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken NJ, 2009), pp. 47-55. ( ISBN 978-0-470-25567-4 )