Phytophthora
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Phytophthora forms: A: Sporangia . B: zoospore . C: chlamydospore . D: Oospore . |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Phytophthora | ||||||||||||
| de Bary |
Phytophthora (from Greek φυτόν phyton, "plant" and φθορά phthora, "destruction, destruction"; "Crushing plants") is a generic phytopathogenic protists from the family of Peronosporaceae . Heinrich Anton de Bary first described it in 1875 .
meaning
Phytophthora species are relatively host-specific. They can cause significant damage to crops. In particular Phytophthora infestans , the causative agent of late blight in potatoes , led to the total failure of the potato harvest in Ireland in 1845 and thus to the Great Famine in Ireland . It is still the most important potato disease today.
Systematics
Each type of Phytophthora secretes its own, individually formed substance, which only overrides the defense mechanisms of certain host plants. Mutations in the molecular structure create new species with the ability to attack another plant species.
Here is a selection of species of the genus Phytophthora and the plant diseases they cause:
- Phytophthora agathidicida - root rot of the New Zealand Kauri tree (New Zealand)
- Phytophthora alni - alder root rot
- Phytophthora botryosa
- Phytophthora cactorum - collar rot in apples , leather berries - and rhizome rot in strawberries , root rot in rhododendrons and azaleas, tree diseases inEuropeanbeech: bark necrosis, root rot and mucus flow
- Phytophthora cajani
- Phytophthora cambivora - tree diseases in European beech: bark necrosis, root rot and mucus flow
- Phytophthora capsici - infects cucurbits such as cucumbers and pumpkins
- Phytophthora cinnamomi - ericas, root rot in azaleas ; Also damages rhododendrons and various conifer species
- Phytophthora citricola - tree diseases in European beech : bark necrosis , root rot and mucus flow
- Phytophthora citrophthora - infected citrus plants
- Phytophthora clandestina
- Phytophthora colocasiae - infects taro and causes taro leaf rot there
- Phytophthora cryptogea
- Phytophthora drechslera
- Phytophthora erythroseptica
- Phytophthora fragariae - red root rot on strawberries
- Phytophthora gonapodyides
- Phytophthora heveae
- Phytophthora humicola
- Phytophthora idaei - infects rubus , especially blackberries and raspberries .
- Phytophthora ilicis
- Phytophthora infestans - late blight and brown rot on potatoes , tomatoes
- Phytophthora inflata - infects elms , lilacs and rhododendrons
- Phytophthora iranica - infected eggplant
- Phytophthora katsurae
- Phytophthora lateralis - root rot on Lawson's cypress (west coast of the USA)
- Phytophthora medicagnis
- Phytophthora megakarya - infected cocoa trees (Africa)
- Phytophthora megasperma
- Phytophthora melonis
- Phytophthora mirabilis - only infects miracle flowers
- Phytophthora multivesiculata
- Phytophthora nicotianae - infected onions
- Phytophthora palmivora - fruit rot in coconut and betel palm
- Phytophthora phaseoli
- Phytophthora porri - infected leek
- Phytophthora primulae
- Phytophthora pseudotsugae - infected Douglas fir
- Phytophthora quercina - oak death
- Phytophthora ramorum - dieback of rhododendron, viburnum , oak, notholithocarpus
- Phytophthora sinensis
- Phytophthora sojae - soybean root rot
- Phytophthora syringae
- Phytophthora tentaculata
- Phytophthora trifolii - root rot on soybeans and alfalfa
- Phytophthora vignae - only infects adzuki beans and cowpeas
Web links
- Jean Beagle Ristaino: Fact Sheet Index (detailed information on 55 species, English)
- Phytophthora Genus Record in the Index Fungorum (short information on 237 species, English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Aggressive tree disease could cost millions , Copenhagen Post, December 29, 2012, accessed January 3, 2013.
- ↑ a b New findings in the fight against late blight on February 5, 2014 on green-24.de
- ↑ a b c Thomas Jung, LWF aktuell 43, pp. 36–37, April 2, 2011 Phytophthora damages beech stocks throughout Bavaria ( Memento from April 7, 2019 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Phytophthora ramorum in the database of the JKI , Federal Research Institute for Cultivated Plants, see data sheet there