Petrocosmea

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Petrocosmea
Petrocosmea rosettifolia

Petrocosmea rosettifolia

Systematics
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Asterids
Euasterids I
Order : Mint family (Lamiales)
Family : Gesneriaceae (Gesneriaceae)
Genre : Petrocosmea
Scientific name
Petrocosmea
Olive.

Petrocosmea is a plant genus in the family of Gesneriad (Gesneriaceae). The 30or so species occur in southern China , northeast India , Myanmar , Thailand and southern Vietnam .

description

Appearance and leaves

Petrocosmea TYPES grow terrestrial or lithophytic as evergreen perennial , herbaceous plants . They are stemless (acaulescent) and form rhizomes .

The few to many arranged in undergraduate rosette leaves stalked. The simple leaf blades are egg-shaped to circular with a wedge-shaped to heart-shaped blade base and a pointed, blunt or rounded upper end; rarely it is shield-shaped (peltat). The leaf blade is usually downy to soft, rarely silky or velvety hairy.

Inflorescences and flowers

On the lateral, more or less long inflorescence shafts are the mostly zymous , rarely almost gold-like inflorescences , in which usually one to four, rarely up to seven flowers stand loosely together over a bract ; there are usually two opposite or alternating bracts .

The hermaphrodite, zygomorphic flowers are five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five mostly identical or seldom dissimilar sepals are mostly free, fused at most at their base to a radially symmetrical, rarely zygomorphic, five or three-part calyx. The colors of the inside mostly bald or rarely downy hairy petals range from white to purple to blue. The five petals are fused into a short, zygomorphic corolla tube with a diameter of 2 to 5 mm. The two crown lips are longer than the corolla tube. The upper lip is at most the same length or much shorter than the lower lip. The upper lip has two corolla lobes. The flat lower lip has three more or less equal, rounded corolla lobes. There are only a pair of fertile stamens ; they do not tower above the corolla tube. The short stamens are insert near the base of the corolla tube. There can be one to three staminodes fused with the corolla tube . Discus and nectaries are missing. The conical to broadly oval, under constant, unilocular ovary contains two parietal placentas. The pen ending in a capitate to often almost spherical scar .

Fruits and seeds

The straight, non-twisted capsule fruits are narrowly ellipsoidal, oblong to ovate and almost as long as the calyx. When ripe, the capsule fruits open loculicidal with two flaps towards their base. The very fine seeds have no appendages.

Chromosome numbers

The chromosome numbers are 2n = 32, 34.

Occurrence

The distribution area of ​​the approximately 30 Petrocosmea species extends from northeast India via Myanmar and Thailand to southern China and southern Vietnam . The center of biodiversity is southern China, with around 24 species, the most common only in the Chinese province of Yunnan and the second most common also or only in Sichuan .

They thrive on damp rocks and shady, rugged slopes in forests and above the tree line at altitudes between 500 and 3100 meters.

Systematics

The genus Petrocosmea was created in 1887 by Daniel Oliver in Hooker's Icones Plantarum , Volume 18 (1), Plate 1716 with the type species Petrocosmea sinensis Oliv. set up. The type specimen was collected by A. Henry. The botanical generic name Petrocosmea is derived from the Greek words: πετρος, petros for rock or stone and κοσμος, κοσμεα, kosmos , kosmea for beautiful, ornament, decoration, ornament, so directly translated "the ornament of the rocks", this refers to it that the type species and many other species grow on rocks. A synonym for Petrocosmea Olive. is Vaniotia H.Lév.

The genus Petrocosmea belongs to the tribe Didymocarpeae from the Didymocarpoids within the Gesneriaceae family .

There are about 30 Petrocosmea species (here with their occurrence):

  • Petrocosmea barbata Craib : This endemic occurs in shady, rocky locations only in the Chinese province of Yunnan (only in Kunming Xian and Songming Xian) at altitudes of about 2100 meters.
  • Petrocosmea begoniifolia C.Y.Wu ex HWLi : This endemic occurs only in the valleys of the Chinese province of Yunnan (only in Jingdong Xian) at altitudes between 1600 and 2200 meters.
  • Petrocosmea cavaleriei Léveillé : This endemic occurs in the Chinese province of Guizhou only in Pingba Xian and Huishui Xian.
  • Petrocosmea coerulea CYWu ex WTWang : This endemic thrives on rocks in valleys at altitudes of around 500 meters in the southeast in the Chinese province of Yunnan only in Jinping Xian.
  • Petrocosmea condorensis Pellegrin (Syn .: Didymocarpus condorensis Pierre ex Pellegrin , Petrocosmea condorensis Pellegrin in Lecomte ): It is native to Vietnam .
  • Petrocosmea confluens W.T.Wang : This endemic thrives on rocky slopes in valleys at altitudes of around 1300 meters in the south of the Chinese province of Guizhou only in Wangmo Xian.
  • Petrocosmea duclouxii Craib : It thrives on shady rocks at altitudes between 2000 and 2600 meters only in the central part of the Chinese province of Yunnan.
  • Petrocosmea flaccida Craib : It thrives on alpine rock faces at altitudes between 2800 and 3100 meters only in the Chinese provinces of southwest Sichuan (Muli Xian) and northwest Yunnan (Lijiang Xian).
  • Petrocosmea formosa B.L.Burtt : It is native to Thailand and was only introduced in 2001 in Burtt: annot. checklist, new spp. ,First describedin: Thai Forest Bull. (Botany) , Volume 29, pp. 81-109.
  • Petrocosmea forrestii Craib : It thrives on rocks in shady locations at altitudes between 1600 and 2000 meters only in the Chinese provinces of southwest Sichuan and northern Yunnan.
  • Petrocosmea grandiflora Hemsley : This endemic thrives on rocks in the tropical karst at altitudes of about 2000 meters in the southeast of the Chinese province of Yunnan only in Mengzi Xian.
  • Petrocosmea grandifolia W.T.Wang : This endemic thrives in forests in crevices at altitudes of around 1000 meters in the southwest of the Chinese province of Yunnan only in Zhenkang Xian.
  • Petrocosmea heterophylla B.L.Burtt : It is native to Thailand and was only introduced in 2001 in Burtt: annot. checklist, new spp. ,First describedin: Thai Forest Bull. (Botany) , Volume 29, pp. 81-109.
  • Petrocosmea iodioides Hemsley : It occurs in forests on shady rock walls at altitudes between 1100 and 2500 meters only in the Chinese provinces of southwest Guangxi and southeast Yunnan (Mengzi Xian).
  • Petrocosmea kerrii Craib :
    • Petrocosmea kerrii Craib . Var kerrii (Syn .: Damrongia kerrii (Craib) Pellegrin in Lecomte , Petrocosmea wardii W.W.Smith ): It is in the southwestern Yunnan, northern Myanmar native and northern Thailand.
    • Petrocosmea kerrii var. Crinita W.T.Wang : This endemic thrives in forests at altitudes of around 1500 meters in the south of the Chinese province of Yunnan only in Mengzi Xian.
  • Petrocosmea kingii (CBClarke) Chatterjee (Syn .: Trisepalum kingii C.B.Clarke in DC. ): It is native to Myanmar.
  • Petrocosmea longipedicellata W.T.Wang : This endemic thrives in forests in hilly areas at altitudes between 1100 and 1200 meters in the Chinese province of Yunnan only Suijiang Xian.
  • Petrocosmea mairei H.Lév. :
    • Petrocosmea mairei H.Lév. var. mairei : It occurs in hilly areas at altitudes of about 2600 meters only in the Chinese provinces of southwest Sichuan (Ebian Xian) and northeastern Yunnan (Dongchuan Xian).
    • Petrocosmea mairei var. Intraglabra W.T.Wang : This endemic thrives near rocks in shady areas in hilly areas at altitudes of about 2000 meters in the Chinese province of Sichuan only in Huidong Xian.
  • Petrocosmea martinii (H.Lév.) H.Lév. :
    • Petrocosmea martinii (H.Lév.) Léveillé var. Martinii (Syn .: Vaniotia martinii Léveillé ): It occurs on steep cliffs at altitudes of about 1000 meters only in the Chinese provinces of Guizhou (Pingba Xian, Qingzhen Xian) and southeastern Yunnan.
    • Petrocosmea martinii var. Leiandra W.T.Wang : This endemic thrives on shady, steep rock faces in the Chinese province of Guizhou only in Qingzhen Xian.
  • Petrocosmea menglianensis H.W.Li : This endemic thrives on moist rocks in the tropical karst in the southwest of the Chinese province of Yunnan only in Menglian Xian.
  • Petrocosmea minor Hemsley (Syn .: Petrocosmea henryi Craib ): This endemic thrives in the tropical Karst in forests and on the edge of the forest at altitudes between 1000 and 2200 meters only in the southeast of the Chinese province of Yunnan.
  • Petrocosmea nervosa Craib : It thrives on rocks in forests at altitudes between 300 and 3100 meters only in the Chinese provinces of southwestern Sichuan (Huili Xian) and northwestern Yunnan (Eryuan Xian, Yongsheng Xian).
  • Petrocosmea oblata Craib :
    • Petrocosmea oblata Craib var. Oblata : This endemic thrives in mountain regions at altitudes of around 3000 meters in the southwest of the Chinese province of Sichuan only in Muli Xian.
    • Petrocosmea oblata var. Latisepala (WTWang) WTWang (Syn .: Petrocosmea latisepala W.T.Wang ): This endemic thrives on soils above limestone at altitudes of about 2200 meters in the northeast of the Chinese province of Yunnan only in Huize Xian.
  • Petrocosmea parryorum C.ECFischer : It occurs only in northeastern India: Assam, Mizoram and Nagaland.
  • Petrocosmea qinlingensis W.T.Wang : This endemic thrives on rocks at altitudes between 700 and 1100 meters in the south of the Chinese province of Shaanxi, only in Mian Xian.
  • Petrocosmea rosettifolia C.Y.Wu ex HWLi : This endemic thrives on rocks at altitudes of around 1400 meters in the Chinese province of Yunnan only in Jingdong Xian.
  • Petrocosmea sericea C.Y.Wu ex HWLi : This endemic thrives on rocks in valleys in forests at altitudes between 1000 and 1700 meters in the southeast of the Chinese province of Yunnan only in Malipo Xian and Pingbian Xian.
  • Petrocosmea sichuanensis W.Y.Chun ex WTWang : This endemic thrives on rocks in valleys at altitudes between 500 and 2200 meters in the Chinese province of Sichuan only in Yuexi Xian.
  • Petrocosmea sinensis Oliver : It occurs on shady rocks at altitudes between 400 and 1700 meters only in the Chinese provinces of western Hubei, Sichuan and northern Yunnan.
  • Petrocosmea umbelliformis B.L.Burtt : It is native to Thailand and was only found in Burtt: annot in 2001 . checklist, new spp. ,First describedin: Thai Forest Bull. (Botany) , Volume 29, pp. 81-109.
  • Petrocosmea xanthomaculata G.Q.Gou & XYWang : It was only described in 2010. This endemic thrives at altitudes of around 760 meters in Guizhou Province only in Yanhe Xian and Zhujiadong.
  • Petrocosmea xingyiensis Y.G.Wei & F.Wen : It was only described in 2009. This endemic thrives at altitudes between 900 and 1000 meters in the province of Guizhou only in Xingyi.

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Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b First description scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
  2. ^ Petrocosmea at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  3. ↑ Guang-Qian Gou, Xiao-Yu Wang, Yuan-Xin Xiong: Bulletin of Botanical Research , 30 (4), p. 394, ISSN  1673-5102
  4. ↑ Yi-Gang Wei & Fang Wen: Petrocosmea xingyiensis (Gesneriaceae), a New Species from Guizhou, China , In: Novon , Volume 19, p. 261 doi : 10.3417 / 2007090 .

Web links

Commons : Petrocosmea  - collection of images, videos and audio files