Schrunser Minster
The Schruns parish church or the Schruns Minster is located in the center of the market town of Schruns in the Bludenz district in Vorarlberg . The patronage of St. The Roman Catholic parish church subordinate to Jodok belongs to the deanery of Montafon of the diocese of Feldkirch . The cathedral is a listed building ( list entry ).
location
The church stands at an altitude of 690 m (official information on the altitude of the market town of Schruns).
history
For the first time in 1433 a chapel of St. Jossen in the parish of Bartholomäberg was mentioned in an interest vial of the Laurentius Church in Bludenz , and in 1482 and 1484 a St. Josen church. In 1483 a Gothic church was named and consecrated on November 12, 1503. Schruns became an independent parish in 1597 and 1632. With a one-off payment in 1654, the Schrunser relieved themselves of the obligation to pay an annual fee to the parish of Bartholomäberg.
In 1674 a new tower was built under Gebhard Steu. The nave was destroyed on October 10, 1682 by a fire that affected twelve houses. A soldier is said to have shot at sparrows on the shingle roof that was dried out by the hair dryer, thus causing the fire. From 1682 to 1683 the church was rebuilt in the baroque style.
The church cemetery around the church could be abandoned after the Schruns cemetery, which was newly built in 1844 . This cleared the way and from 1865 to 1867 a new, larger church was built under Dean Frick according to plans by Johann Mayer. Only the 42 m high tower from 1674 remained. Since the new church was built to the north, the tower is now in the southern corner of the choir. With this relocation, a sunny church square was created in the south and east.
Aegidius Mayer was pastor from 1892 to 1933 .
Between 1981 and 1984 the church was completely restored by Konrad Honold under Pastor Herbert Böhler. In 2015 the 60-year-old roof had to be re-covered after tiles had already fallen on the church square.
In January 2019, the parish church council, led by Pastor Hans Jürgen Tinkhauser, decided to elevate the Schruns parish church to a minster. With the decision of Bishop Benno Elbs on December 10, 2019, the church was solemnly elevated to the status of Münster on March 8, 2020 . The Schruns parish celebrated 440 years of Schruns parish at the patronage service on December 15, 2019.
architecture
The cathedral is a neo-Romanesque building with a flat saddle roof on the nave and the choir.
The tower corresponds to a style that is typical and often encountered mainly in Bavarian Swabia (striking example: Basilica St. Ulrich and Afra Augsburg): tower substructure with a square floor plan, above one or more octagonal bell storeys, which are crowned by an onion dome. As a result of the work of master builders from Bavarian Swabia, the first thing to do in Vorarlberg was the tower of the Laurentiuskirche Bludenz , and then several others in addition to the Schrunser Turm, e.g. in Bartholomäberg, Vandans, Partenen, Gortipohl, Raggal and St. Gallenkirch.
The cathedral, which looks relatively simple and poorly decorated from the outside, surprises inside with its rich furnishings with pictures and statues. Today it is one of those churches that have become rare that are still completely uniform in the Nazarene style of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
The vaulted ceiling is made of wood and stretches in an arc of approx. 20 m from wall to wall, making St. Jodok one of the largest pillar-less church rooms in Vorarlberg. The design of the organ case took into account the rose window in the west gable of the nave, which comes into its own when the sun is shining.
The decoration of the church was mainly done by the local artist family Bertle : All wall and ceiling paintings in the choir room were created by the brothers Franz (* 1828; † 1883) and Jakob Bertle (* 1837; † 1911) in the years 1873/74 been. The five large ceiling paintings and the ceiling paintings on the life of St. Jodok in the nave were painted between 1905 and 1907 by Hans Bertle (* 1880; † 1943), Jacob's son .
Furnishing
The main altar with its ciborium superstructure was created in 1873/74 by the brothers Anton (* 1834; † 1914) and Ignaz Bertle (* 1837; † 1894) according to plans by Josef Müller . The ciborium from Sant'Ambrogio in Milan may have served as a suggestion . The altar was erected in the center of the sanctuary above a shrine with the relics of St. Jodok .
The left side altar in the choir is a neo-Romanesque structure and equipped with figures by Moritz Schlachter . The left side altar in the choir shows a relief with the distribution of communion by St. Charles Barromeo.
The cathedral windows with lead glazing were donated by local families at the end of the 19th century. They depict scenes from the life of Jesus and are complemented by medallions above the windows - also by Hans Bertle.
In 1965, the Schruns artist and restorer Konrad Honold designed a colored glass mosaic above the war memorial on the outside facade of the church : It depicts Saint George fighting the dragon.
The bronze bell, cast by the foundry family Graßmayr in Feldkirch in 1804, fell victim to the armaments industry of the First World War. As a replacement - somewhat coarse-sounding - steel bells from Böhler-Stahlwerke Kapfenberg hang in the tower. Their material is tired in the meantime, so that the parish is buying a new bell.
Organs
"1 Örgele" is mentioned in documents from 1789 in the parish archive. Furthermore, various invoices from the first half of the 19th century refer to organ repair and tuning work on an organ in the baroque nave, which was completed on July 15, 1683 and demolished in 1865.
The current organ stands in the case from 1867, which has been preserved in its external form, when Johann Nepomuk Kiene (Langenargen, son of Franz Anton Kiene ) created a two-manual organ with 18 stops on the upper gallery in the newly built nave. The case comes from the workshop of master joiner Johann Muther. The Kiene organ was initially praised, but was already so desolate by the end of the 19th century that the Mayer brothers (Feldkirch) built a new work in the late romantic disposition with 25 stops and a pneumatic action in the existing case in 1900. This organ had a good reputation, so the metal pipes were not melted down during the First World War.
However, the organ became more and more unreliable over the decades due to the usual susceptibility to failure of a pneumatic control and increasing woodworm infestation. Failures of notes and registers increased, or the organ emitted notes of its own accord. In 1969, an expert determined that it would only be limited in time and partially playable with makeshift repairs, but that it would be impossible to keep it as a whole. In addition, the heavy woodworm infestation in the instrument also endangered the two-story gallery, the roof structure and other load-bearing wooden parts of the church. Fighting woodworms had only limited success, as essential wooden parts were inaccessible inside. The Mayer organ was played until White Sunday in 1988, with increasing repair costs. The very next day they began to be torn down. The worm infestation found was even worse than expected.
The console of the Mayer organ was preserved and is in the depot of the Schruns local history museum. The artistically valuable front of the organ case was carefully restored by local cabinetmakers and preserved in the best possible way. The original coloring was also revealed. Most of the other parts of the case were rebuilt with new material based on the model from 1867 due to the advanced worm damage.
The current organ comes from the Feldkirch organ building workshop Pflüger and was consecrated on October 30, 1988. Wooden pipes were supplied by master organ builder Mayer , grandson of the organ builder from 1900. The planning was mainly created by Günther Fetz and modified together with the organ building committee of the parish and the organ building company Pflüger. It contains 41 registers, which are divided into 3 manuals and the pedal . Mr. Fetz, organ expert of the diocese of Feldkirch, attached great importance to the fact that, contrary to a trend observed in organ building to neglect the lows, a complete set of bass registers is available. According to the organist Hannes Widerin, however, a real 32 'register that is appropriate and desirable for the room has not been approved by the preservation authorities. There was no more space for this in the existing housing. The organ only contains a bass fifth 10 2 ⁄ 3 ′, which is a poor substitute for a 32 ′ base. Even in Bach's time, however, the organ in the Weimar Castle Church had a base of 32 ′ with only 20 registers.
The sound of the organ should be romantic, in keeping with the Nazarene interior design of the church and the prospectus, and, in contrast to the Mayer organ, also enable music from the time before and by Bach to be played in a satisfactory manner. In addition, the new organ should not only meet liturgical, but also concertante demands. This is one of the reasons why Prof. Fetz's original, rather economical layout drafts with two or three manuals and 26 to 32 registers were not carried out.
Since the requirement existed to accommodate the 41 registers in the Muther case, which was originally designed for 18 registers, additional openings were incorporated in the side walls and in the lower area of the front so that the 2876 pipes now have sufficient opportunity for sound development. Above all, the radiation of the pedal registers in the lower area of the movement benefits from this. Additional space could be gained by dismantling the bellows treadmill's chamber, which protrudes into the housing and has become superfluous due to an electric fan.
The action mechanism is mechanical, the registers are pulled by hand above the III. Manual and electrical assistance operated. On the initiative of the Pflüger company, they built in a 6-way "star setter" that was not originally intended. The console was turned with the organist's line of sight towards the prospectus and is now at a certain distance from it near the gallery parapet.
The main work, divided on the C and C sharp sides, is located behind the sounding Principal 8 'prospect pipes and the lower, narrow pipe fields that flank them. The three middle prospect fields contain some pipes from the reed flute 4 'and principal 2' of the positive behind it, while the swell is placed behind the positive. The pedal unit is located below and behind it, analogous to the arrangement of the main unit. The up to 5 meter high wooden pipes of the principal bass 16 'are placed on the inside of the rear wall of the case.
The work is one of the best organs in Vorarlberg, but is rarely heard outside of masses and organ lessons.
Disposition:
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
- Pairing :
- Playing aids : 6-way setter, step sill for the whole work
literature
- Montafon homeland book. As of Montafon, 1974.
- Schrunser parish church. Parish St. Jodok, Schruns.
- Schruns, St. Jodok. Kath. Pfarramt Schruns, 1997, ISBN 3-89643-065-3 .
- Dehio Handbook Vorarlberg. 1983, ISBN 3-7031-0585-2 .
- The new organ in the parish church of St. Jodok in Schruns. Parish St. Jodok, Schruns.
- Vorarlberger news. August 27, 2015.
- The Montafon pulls out all the stops. Organ program 2016. Montafon Tourismus, Schruns 2016.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Schruns parish church becomes the first minster in the country. Accessed January 21, 2020 .
- ^ Vorarlberg: Schruns parish church becomes a minster (March 3, 2020)
- ↑ New bell for Schruns parish church. In: Vorarlberger Nachrichten. July 29, 2017, p. A 5.
- ↑ Entry in the organ database orgbase.nl, accessed on October 19, 2017.
Coordinates: 47 ° 4 ′ 49.3 " N , 9 ° 55 ′ 9.8" E