Milk substitute

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A glass of soy rice drink

As a milk substitute or milk substitute are colloquially foods referred to the taste or visually as well as by the fat - or protein content her milk or milk products are similar, but not made of this.

Legal position

designation

Is the basis of plant, the products are on the package as vegetable drink or, depending on the starting ingredient as almond drink , soy drink , rice milk , oat drink characterized etc.. The term milk has a designation protection in the EU and may only designate products that have been obtained from an udder by milking ( cow's milk , goat's milk , sheep's milk .) Terms such as plant milk , soy milk etc. are colloquial and widely used by the public, for plant-based However, drinks are prohibited by law. A historical, slang term is vegetable milk .

Coconut milk is an exception . Since this is used as a traditional food in Asian dishes, it can also be called that in trade.

taxation

The sales tax on plant-based milk substitutes varies from country to country. Australia, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Ireland, the Netherlands, Portugal and the United Kingdom apply the same tax rate as milk of animal origin. Different tax rates are used in Germany, Greece, Italy, Austria, Slovakia and Spain. The differences range from 85% higher tax in Greece to 450% higher tax in Italy.

composition

The components of the milk are replaced by vegetable proteins and similar fats. They have been approved in Germany since 1990. These products are characterized by the fact that they are free from cholesterol , animal protein and lactose .

species

See in a broader sense:

The users of these alternatives, some of which are also offered fortified with vitamins (especially vitamin B 12 ), calcium or omega-3 fatty acids , include people with lactose intolerance or cow's milk allergy , ovo vegetarians and vegans . In the Middle Ages, Orthodox believers used almond milk as a milk substitute during Lent .

Artificial cheese and cream substitutes are partly made from milk substitutes.

market

In 2015, a value-based market share of 7% was achieved with imitations in the overall segment of organic milk and organic milk alternatives. In the Valencia region, the almond milk Horchata de Chufa traditionally has a high priority. Milk substitutes are considered a "lifestyle" but are still a niche product. At Migros , plant milk has a share of two to three percent. In 2019, Emmi AG took over the majority in the Austrian company Leeb (organic sheep and goat milk ), which, through Hale, also sells organic, vegan milk substitute products under the MyLove-MyLife brand . Incidentally, in 2019 the organic share of milk substitutes was 68%. This value has fallen in recent years, as conventional companies have also entered the market.

Web links

Commons : Milk Substitute  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Single receipts

  1. ↑ Regulation (EU) No. 1308/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of December 17, 2013 (Annex VII) , accessed on November 21, 2019 The regulation expressly states: The term "milk" is only intended for the or multiple milking, reserved for normal udder secretion, without any addition or withdrawal. Therefore, these products are commercially available for. B. sold as "almond drink" or "almond drink" or similar.
  2. ↑ Stefan Sauer: ECJ judgment - soy drink must not be called "milk". In: Frankfurter Rundschau . June 14, 2017. Retrieved February 27, 2019 .
  3. ^ Carl von Noorden, Hugo Salomon: Handbook of Nutrition: First Volume General Dietetics (Nutrients and Food General Nutritional Cures) . Springer-Verlag, 1920, reprint 2013, ISBN 978-3-7091-9933-6 , p. 311ff ..
  4. ↑ Milk substitute must not be called milk , on eatsmarter.de, accessed on December 10, 2019.
  5. ↑ ProVeg Plant Milk Report. Retrieved February 17, 2020 .
  6. ^ Goods and Services Tax Industry Issues Detailed Food List. Retrieved February 17, 2020 .
  7. ↑ Value Added Tax Act (UStG) Annex 2 (to Section 12 Paragraph 2 Numbers 1, 2, 12, 13 and 14) List of items subject to the reduced tax rate. Retrieved January 20, 2020 .
  8. ↑ BFH judgment v. 02/09/2006 - VR 49/04. Retrieved January 20, 2020 .
  9. ↑ Brockhaus. Encyclopedia in 30 volumes, 21st completely revised edition , Volume 18 Math-Mosb, Leipzig, Mannheim, 2005–2006; Lemma imitation milk , milk substitute products , page 457.
  10. ↑ Gustav Friedrich Klemm : General culture history of mankind. Vol. 10, p. 290.
  11. ↑ Bund Ökologische Lebensmittelwirtschaft e. V .: Numbers, data, facts - The organic sector 2016 . Berlin February 2016.
  12. ↑ Tages-Anzeiger from May 27, 2015, page 33: Scratched image - milk substitute as a lifestyle
  13. ↑ Soy milk and co . Increasingly popular In: bauernzeitung.ch, February 21, 2018, accessed on March 26, 2018.
  14. ↑ Emmi takes over a majority in one of Europe's leading providers of organic goat's milk and sheep's milk products. In: finanzen.ch . April 2, 2019, accessed April 13, 2019 .
  15. ↑ BÖLW: Industry report 2020 (PDF; 7.9 MB) Organic food industry. In: boelw.de . February 2020, p. 25 , accessed on February 25, 2020 .