Pierre Eyquem de Montaigne

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Pierre Eyquem, segneur de Montaigne [ pjɛːʀ ekɛm də mõ'tɛɲ ] in Occitan Pèir Eiquèm (born September 29, 1495 at Château de Montaigne ; † June 18, 1568 in Bordeaux ) was a French Catholic and Prévôt de Bordeaux , Mayor of Bordeaux , maire de Bordeaux and father of Michel de Montaigne .

Live and act

Pierre Eyquem was born as the son of Grimon Eyquem (1450–1519) at Montaigne Castle . His father carried on the trading tradition of his ancestors at 23-25 ​​rue de la Rousselle in Bordeaux. Pierre Eyquem lived and worked here - continuing to trade in wine and dye plants - from 1519 until his death in 1568.

In the period from 1485 to 1503 Grimon Eyquem took an honorary position as a city councilor, Jurade de Bordeaux . He was married to Jeanne du Fourn (approx. 1470-1519) since 1490.

His grandfather was Ramon Felipe Eyquem (1402–1478), a merchant from Bordeaux who had become rich through trading in fish , wine and pastel des teinturiers . His grandmother was Isabeau de Farraygues (1428–1508). The grandparents had been married to each other since 1444 and had two sons, the father of Pierre Eyquem de Montaigne, Grimon Eyquem and the brother Perrin as well as two daughters Pélegrina and Audeta.

The grandfather Ramon Felipe Eyquem had already acquired the Château de Montaigne as a fiefdom of the Archbishops of Bordeaux, more precisely from Arthur de Montauban († 1479) on October 10, 1477 from the previous owner Guilhem Duboys, seigneur de Juillac. The purchase price is said to have been 900 gold francs, francs à pied .

Pierre Eyquem was married to Antoinette de Louppes de Villeneuve (1514-1603) since January 15, 1529, she was probably a descendant of a Marran family , that is , Portuguese or Spanish Jews who were forced to convert to Christianity ( Alhambra Edict ) , but what is not proven beyond doubt. The family members of the de Louppes de Villeneuve, like those of the Eyquem, also came to local wealth and prosperity. Antoinette de Louppes de Villeneuve brought 4,000 livres as a dowry into the marriage.

The couple had the following children:

  • Michel Eyquem de Montaigne (1533–1592)
  • Jeanne Eyquem de Montaigne (* 1536)
  • Thomas Eyquem de Montaigne (1537–1597)
  • Léonor Eyquem de Montaigne (* 1552)
  • Marie Eyquem de Montaigne (* 1554)
  • Bertrand Charles Eyquem de Montaigne (1560-1620).

He devised unconventional methods of bringing up his children. His eldest son Michel de Montaigne was given particular consideration. So let the parents their children, as wealthy families usual, a nurse , but unlike usual to completely gave it away from home, in order to harden it was simple country people in a nearby village , hamlet towards Montpeyroux been named Papessus. His first spoken words were Gaskognischen , a subspecies of Occitan.

Later in the Château de Montaigne , Michel de Montaigne was first taught by a précepteur , the German doctor Horstanus, who spoke to him exclusively in Latin . Pierre Eyquem also urged the domestic staff to speak only Latin with the children as far as they could. It was not until he was about six years old, from 1539 to 1546, that Michel de Montaigne attended the Collège de Guyenne in Bordeaux . As can be seen from the descriptions in his essays, Michel de Montaigne had an intimate bond with his father.

His father was described by Michel de Montaigne in the Essais as a rather short stature, but wiry- muscular man, who had a certain degree of education, read books and at the express request of Pierre Eyquem around 1565, the Latin text by the Catalan philosopher and theologian Raimundus Sabundus Liber creaturarum sive de homine (1436) (German The Book of Creatures ) translated into French .

Pierre Eyquem had been in the military since around 1518. In the end he was able to gain the recognition that raised him to the official nobility, noblesse de robe . He took part in the First War , Guerre de la Ligue de Cambrai Charles V against the French King Francis I in the period from 1521 to 1525 and in his Italian campaign. It was there that Pierre Eyquem came into contact with the ideas of the Renaissance and humanism . In his essays, Michel de Montaigne describes his father as a physically vital and flexible person into old age.

Pierre Eyquem held several high offices in the city of Bordeaux. At first he was an alderman of the mayor, jurat and then in 1530 he was appointed profos , prévôt of the local regulatory system. From 1537 he was appointed deputy mayor and from 1554 mayor of Bordeaux.

Only Pierre Eyquem succeeded in 1554 as mayor of Bordeaux with a diplomatic campaign in Paris with Henry II and with the support of about twenty large barrels , tonneau Bordeaux wine to regain important lost city ​​rights . The city rights, such as the right to own jurisdiction , had been withdrawn from Bordeaux because of the revolt on August 17-22, 1548 against the salt tax , gabelle .

Similar to his son, Pierre Eyquem probably suffered from kidney stones and possibly died of urosepsis .

literature

  • Histoire des maires de Bordeaux. Les Dossiers d'Aquitaine, 2008, ISBN 2-84622-171-5 , p. 144

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Data of the father, from geneatnet.org ( memento of the original from April 23, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / gw.geneanet.org
  2. ↑ Family and commercial residence of the Eyquem de Montaigne family in Bordeaux at 23-25 ​​rue de la Rousselle
  3. ↑ Uwe Schultz: Michel de Montaigne. Rowohlt, Reinbek 1989, ISBN 3-499-50442-1 , pp. 22, 142.
  4. ↑ Genealogical data of the grandparents, from geneatnet.org
  5. ↑ in office as Archbishop of Bordeaux from 1467 to 1478
  6. ↑ Arthur de Montauban (1467-1478)
  7. ↑ Renaud Camus: Demeures de l'esprit II La France du Sud-Ouest. Fayard, Paris 2008, ISBN 2-213-64554-X , chapter 3
  8. ↑ see also Joseph d'Eymard
  9. ↑ Mathurin Dreano: La Pensee Religieuse De Montaigne. Éditions Beauchesne, Paris 2000, p. 23
  10. ^ [1] Heinrich Graetz : History of the Jews from the oldest times to the present. Leipzig 1890, Volume 8, pp. 472-482.
  11. ↑ So a Moses and Meir Paçagon from Villanueva de Sigena in Aragon is assigned to the maternal ancestors. He was baptized or was forcibly baptized and took the name "Lopez de Villanueva". The Aragonese name then became the French form "Louppes de Villeneuve".
  12. ↑ Richard Friedenthal: Discoverer of the I. Montaigne, Pascal, Diderot. P. Piper, Munich 1969, p. 24
  13. ^ Collectif: Montaigne. Éditions Slatkine, Paris / Genéve 2002, p. 39 in books.google
  14. ↑ Yves Louagie: Montaigne de lettres et de pierres. P. 16, online (PDF; 10.28 MB)
  15. ^ Biographical data of Pierre Eyquem de Montaigne
  16. ↑ 1 tonneau = 912 liters
personal data
SURNAME Montaigne, Pierre Eyquem de
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Montaigne, Pierre Eyquem sieur de (full name); Eiquèm, Pèir
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Mayor of Bordeaux, father of Michel de Montaigne
DATE OF BIRTH September 29, 1495
PLACE OF BIRTH on Château de Montaigne
DATE OF DEATH June 18, 1568
Place of death Bordeaux