Pilisvörösvár
| Pilisvörösvár | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State : | Hungary | ||||
| Region : | Central Hungary | ||||
| County : | pest | ||||
| Small area until December 31, 2012 : | Pilisvörösvár | ||||
| Coordinates : | 47 ° 37 ' N , 18 ° 55' E | ||||
| Area : | 24.3 km² | ||||
| Residents : | 13,709 (Jan. 1, 2011) | ||||
| Population density : | 564 inhabitants per km² | ||||
| Telephone code : | (+36) 26 | ||||
| Postal code : | 2085 | ||||
| KSH kódja: | 14340 | ||||
| Structure and administration (status: 2014) | |||||
| Community type : | city | ||||
| Mayor : | Dr. Fetter Ádám (TEVÖ - Tegyünk Együtt Vörösvárért Egyesület) | ||||
| Postal address : | Bajcsy Zsilinszky tér 1 2085 Pilisvörösvár |
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| Website : | |||||
| (Source: A Magyar Köztársaság helységnévkönyve 2011. január 1st at Központi statisztikai hivatal ) | |||||
Pilisvörösvár [ ˈpiliʃvørøʃvaːr ] ( German Werischwar ) is a city in Hungary in the Buda Mountains with almost 14,000 inhabitants (as of 2011), including a high proportion of Hungarian-German inhabitants ( Danube Swabians ).
Geographical location
Pilisvörösvár is located about 17 km northwest of Budapest and thus in the capital's recreational area. The place has a train station on the Budapest – Esztergom railway line . In the immediate vicinity is the Pilis , at 757 meters the highest point in the Pilis Mountains .
history
There was already a Roman camp in the area of the city. Under the Ottomans, who occupied the country until 1686, a red plank castle was built to protect the road between Ofen (Buda) and Gran (Esztergom), which gave the modern community its name.
In 1645 Vörösvár became the property of Count Ladislaus Csáky, along with lands. He initiated the settlement of Germans (the first families came to Werischwar in 1692/96) from southern Germany. The Catholic Liebfrauengemeinde (today's main parish) was founded in 1692. Since then, the Sunday high mass at 10:00 and the fair (Kiritog) high mass on Assumption Day (August 15) have been read in German. In 1715 the Dominicans became the owners, then in 1745 it was owned by Count Imre Esterházy, Archbishop of Gran .
In the 19th century the population of Werischwar / Pilisvörösvár grew rapidly, not least because of the new mine opened at the end of the 19th / beginning of the 20th century on the edge of the community. Werischwar developed into a multiethnic community at this time (establishment of the miners' colony Bányatelep on Wiener Straße), whereby the old village center (around the church square) has retained its German population character to this day. Up until the Second World War, the community owned a significant Jewish community. In 1944 50 Jewish families were deported, only five survivors returned after the war. In 1945/46, many German residents sat on "packed suitcases". The community (along with the neighboring community of St. Iwan bei Ofen ) was spared the eviction, so that Werischwar is now the largest (Hungarian) German settlement in Hungary. To this day, opinions differ about the reasons why there was no expulsion from Werischwar.
The development of the community did not stop after 1945. In the 1960s the community received a secondary school (grammar school), today's Friedrich Schiller grammar school. The influx of new citizens after 1945 further strengthened the multiethnic character of the community. The experiences of the first post-war years (banishment of German from the public) and the lack of infrastructure for mother-tongue teaching since the end of the 19th century and the increasing number of mixed marriages have accelerated the process of linguistic assimilation since then.
Today Werischwar can at best be regarded as a bilingual community, whereby efforts in the field of German-language specialist teaching since the fall of the Wall, including at the Schiller-Gymnasium, where 70% of the hours are taught in German, should not be underestimated. The activities of the abbot pastor Stefan Marlok (1912–1994, pastor of Werischwar 1945–1987) from St. Iwan, who himself carried out German pastoral care during the years of the Rákosi era, should also be pointed out. In 1997 Pilisvörösvár received city status.
population
In the last census (2011), 3,804 of the 13,667 inhabitants acknowledged their German nationality (around 28%). With just under 1% each, the Slovaks and Roma are still notably represented in the city's population.
The residents profess the following religions: 73.3% are Roman Catholic , 0.8% Greek Catholic , 6.1% Reformed , 0.7% Evangelical Lutheran and 0.4% are members of other churches or religions. 5.5% state that they do not belong to any religion and 13.1% do not know their religious orientation.
Twin cities
Due to the fact that there is a larger minority of German origin, it is not surprising that the municipality officially entered into a partnership with two German municipalities in 1996, namely with
- Groebenzell near Munich , with whom we have had contacts since 1989,
- Gerstetten in Baden-Württemberg , where there have been cultural relationships since 1986.
Cultural partnerships and friendly relationships exist with
- Schramberg in Baden-Württemberg since the mid-1980s
- Wehrheim in Hessen since 1985
- Mikefalva since 1992 and Borszék since 1999, both places in Transylvania (now Romania ).
