Pinus hwangshanensis
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Pinus hwangshanensis is an evergreen conifer from the genus of the pines ( Pinus ) with usually 10 to 17 centimeters long needles and fully grown three to six centimeters long seed cones. The distribution area is in China, where it occurs in mixed forests at altitudes of 500 to 2500 meters. She is not endangered. The wood of the species is of high quality and is used for a wide variety of applications; the species is also cultivated as bonsai.
description
Habitus
Pinus hwangshanensis is an evergreen tree up to 45 meters high with a trunk diameter of up to one meter. The trunk is straight or more or less sinuous. The trunk bark is gray-brown to dark gray, rough and scaly and breaks into large plates with deep cracks. The first-order branches are initially long and spread out, but shorten over time until only stumps remain. Smaller branches grow dense and ascending and form a flat or dome-like crown. Needle branches are bare, more or less smooth and light yellowish brown.
Buds and needles
The buds are ovate-conical to cylindrical, 10 to 15 millimeters long, 5 to 7 millimeters wide and resinous. The bud scales grow pressed and are reddish or maroon in color. The needles grow in twos in a permanent, 5 to 10 millimeter long, thin needle sheath. The needles are dark green, straight or slightly curved, sometimes only 5, usually 10 to 17 centimeters long and 0.6 to 1 millimeter wide, thin, flexible, slightly twisted and pointed. The edges are finely sawn. There are fine stomata lines on each needle side . The needles stay on the tree for three to four years.
Cones and seeds
The pollen cones grow in a spiral. They are short cylindrical, 1.5 to 2 inches long, initially yellow and reddish tinged, later reddish brown. The seed cones grow singly or rarely in pairs on short stalks. They are 3 to 6 inches long, closed, narrowly ovoid. They open in late winter and are then 2.5 to 5 centimeters wide, and then stay on the tree for a long time. The seed scales are chocolate brown, thinly woody, stiff and elongated, and in the center large cones are about 2.5 inches long and 1.3 inches wide. The apophysis is rhombic or has a rounded upper edge. It is flat, cross keeled, slightly wrinkled and shiny light brown. The umbo is broadly elliptical, depressed and reinforced with a narrow, permanent spine. The seeds are dark brown, elliptical-ovate, 5 to 6 millimeters long and slightly flattened. The seed wing is 15 to 20 millimeters long and permanent.
Chromosome number
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24.
Distribution, location requirements and endangerment
The natural range of Pinus hwangshanensis is in China in the provinces of Anhui , Fujian , in the middle of Guangxi , in Guizhou , in the south of Henan , in Hubei , Hunan , Jiangsu , Jiangxi , in the southeast of Yunnan and in Zhejiang . It grows in montane, deciduous mixed forests in open terrain on mountain slopes and ridges at altitudes of 500 to 2500 meters. This type of forest occurs mostly north of evergreen deciduous forests with a large transition zone. It also dominates higher altitudes further south, where the evergreen forests in valleys and plains have been displaced by agriculture. The most common deciduous trees in this area are members of the beech family (Fagaceae).
In the Red List of the IUCN is Pinus Hwangshanensis be deemed not at risk ( "Lower Risk / least concern"). However, it should be noted that a reassessment is pending.
Systematics and research history
Pinus hwangshanensis is a species from the genus of pine ( Pinus ), in which it is assigned to the subgenus Pinus , section Pinus and subsection Pinus . It was in 1936 by Hsia Wei Ying in Contributions from the Institute of Botany, National Academy of Peiping , Volume 4, page 155 firstdescribed . The species is similar to Pinus luchuensis from Japan and Pinus taiwanensis from Taiwan, but differs from these species in that it has a permanent sting on the umbo of the depressed seed scales. In addition, the buds are darker than those of Pinus taiwanensis . Synonyms of the species are Pinus Luchuensis Mayr var. Hwangshanensis C.L.Wu and Pinus Luchuensis Mayr subsp. hwangshanensis W.Y.Hsia . The generic name Pinus was already used by the Romans for several types of pine. The specific epithet hwangshanensis refers to the Huang Shan Mountains in the south of Anhui.
use
The wood of Pinus hwangshanensis is of high quality and has sufficient strength to be used in the construction of houses and bridges and in the manufacture of railway sleepers and pit punches . It is used to erect fences and gates and to make boxes. It is also used to make panels, floors and other domestic and industrial items, plywood , fiberboard and cellulose . Forest plantings only take place in the southeast of China. The species is a popular bonsai in East Asia .
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literature
- Aljos Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers . tape 2 . Brill, Leiden-Boston 2010, ISBN 978-90-04-17718-5 , pp. 687-688 .
- Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7 , p. 487 (reprint from 1996).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Aljos Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers , Volume 2, pp. 687-688
- ↑ a b c Christopher J. Earle: Pinus hwangshanensis. In: The Gymnosperm Database. www.conifers.org, November 28, 2012, accessed February 12, 2013 (English).
- ^ Tropicos. [1]
- ↑ a b Pinus hwangshanensis. In: Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). United States Department of Agriculture, accessed February 11, 2013 .
- ↑ Pinus hwangshanensis in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2012. Posted by: Conifer Specialist Group, 1998. Retrieved on February 11, 2013.
- ↑ To be precise: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. P. 487
Web links
- Pinus hwangshanensis. In: The Plant List. Retrieved February 11, 2013 .