Plaines d'inondation des Bahr Aouk et Salamat
| Plaines d'inondation des Bahr Aouk et Salamat | |||
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| Location: | Chad | ||
| Specialty: | Region Salamat , Moyen-Chari Region | ||
| Next city: | Sarh , Am Timan | ||
| Surface: | 49,220 km² | ||
The Plaines d'inondation des Bahr Aouk et Salamat ('flood plains of the Bahr Aouk and Salamat') are a protected area of the Ramsar Convention in the regions of Salamat and Moyen-Chari , in the southeast of the Republic of Chad .
meaning
The reserve was established on May 1, 2006 on an area of 4,922,000 hectares. It is located in the flood plains of the Salamat River , which flows seasonally in some cases , and whose main tributary is the Wadi Bahr Azoum, which rises from Darfur , and the Bahr Aouk , whose main source rivers arise from the Bongo massif . The IUCN classifies the area under Category II ( National Park ) because it mainly serves to protect ecosystems and the Chadian National Park Zakouma forms part of the Ramsar area.
geography
The extensive plain was created in a natural depression in the southeastern Chad Basin . This geomorphological peculiarity gave rise to a drainage system consisting of a series of streams flowing from east to west, connecting the region with the Shari River in the Sarh region. The largest rivers in the plain are the Bahr Keïta, Bahr Salamat and the Bahr Aouk. Areas higher up can be found on the Ibir and Bonn plateaus. The largest lake in the flood plain is the Iro Lake and there are a number of smaller lakes, ponds and ponds in the wetlands .
climate
In summary, the dominant vegetation corresponds to the wooded savanna type of a humid Sudan savanna. The Ramsar area includes three different biogeographically different vegetation zones, the Sudan-Guinea savannah in the southern part, the Sudan savannah in the central part and the Sahel-Sudan savannah in the northern part and thus reflects the climatic conditions. These are characterized by the alternation of two seasons: a rainy season from April / May to October and a dry season from November to April. The amount of precipitation in the depends on the intensity of the West African monsoons . An average of 815 mm in the northern and 967.8 mm of precipitation per year in the southern part of the region. The maximum daily average temperatures range between 30 ° C in August, 39 ° C in April and the minimum between 14 ° C in December and 23 ° C in May. The observed relative humidity varies between 31% in February and 83% in August.
ecology
flora
Gallery forests along the rivers and floodplain vegetation predominate in the areas of the seasonal wetlands and characterize the vegetation of the Sudan savannah in the region. The undergrowth in these wetlands is made up of grasses of the genera Andropogon sp. , Hyparrhenia sp. and Cymbopogon sp. educated. The deeper and more humid depressions are populated by grasses Echinochloa stagnina , Echinochloa pyramidalis and Oryza barthii . In the rainy season a typical herbaceous undergrowth develops in the floodplain areas of the flooded plains. The tree species Acacia albida , Acacia scorpioïdes and Acacia sieberiana are often found in the transition zones between the floodplains and floodplains . In the southern and higher areas of the plain, the tree population is becoming denser and increasingly resembles the forested Sudan-Guinea savannah. Tree species such as Afzelia africana , Daniella oliveri , Isoberlinia doka , Butyrospermum Parkii , and Khaya senegalensis can often be found there.
fauna
The flood savannah provides a habitat for a wide range of African fauna . However, they are of particular importance for the avifauna . Migratory birds in the northern hemisphere use the wetlands in the Salamat and Aouk plains as resting and wintering quarters on their migratory routes into tropical Africa . Native African bird species are the African ostrich ( Struthio camelus ), crowned crane ( Balearica pavonina ), Senegal bustard ( Eupodotis senegalensis ), black-bellied bustard ( Eupodotis or Lissotis melanogaster ), Stanley bustard ( Neotis denhami ), peregrine falcon ( Falco peregrinus ) and various representatives of the actual duckling ( Anas sp. ). Populations of the African elephant ( Loxodonta africana ), the Kordofan giraffe ( Giraffa camelopardalis antiquorum ), giant eland ( Taurotragus derbianus ) and the leopard ( Panthera pardus ) are documented. Similarly, reptiles, such as Nile ( Crocodylus niloticus ) and the Nilwaran ( Varanus niloticus ) indigenous to the area. The freshwater fish are of particular importance for the nutrition of the local population , important food fish are the great nil pike ( Gymnarchus niloticus ), African bones ( Heterotis niloticus ), Hydrocynus forskahlii , Nile perch ( Lates niloticus ), Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias lazera . Approximately 15,000 tons of fish are caught in the wetlands.
Web links
- Behera Commanda Fiche descriptive sur les zones humides Ramsar (FDR) (PDF document) (French)
- The Annotated Ramsar List: Chad. In: archive.ramsar.org. January 14, 2002, accessed August 2, 2018 .
