Plaines d'inondation du Logone et les dépressions Toupouri
| Plaines d'inondation du Logone et les dépressions Toupouri | |||
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| Location: | Chad | ||
| Specialty: | Region Chari-Baguirmi , Mayo-Kebbi Est Region , Tandjilé Region | ||
| Next city: | Bongor , Laï , Kélo , Gounou-Gaya and Fianga | ||
| Surface: | 29,789 km² | ||
The Plaines d'inondation du Logone et les dépressions Toupouri ('Logone flood plain and Toupouri lowland') are a protected area of the Ramsar Convention in the prefectures of Chari-Baguirmi , Mayo-Kebbi Est and Tandjilé , in the southwest of the Republic of Chad .
location
The reserve lies on the border with Cameroon , borders the Grand Yaeres in the northwest and covers an area of 2,978,900 hectares . It was declared a Wetland of International Importance on November 14, 2005 and placed under the protection of the Convention. The largest cities in the reserve are Bongor , Laï , Kélo , Gounou-Gaya and Fianga .
geography
The inundation plains of the Logone river extend from east to west, from the tributaries of the Shari , the Ba-Illi and Dimlik, to the rivers and lakes in the Toupouri lowlands , the Tikem , N'gara and Fianga lakes and the Mayo Kebbi River , known as Kabia in Chad. All of these flowing waters receive most of their water masses from the wetlands during the Logone's flood season. From south to north, the floodplains stretch from the confluence of the Pendé with the Logone Occidental ( Mbéré ) to the Grand Yaeres. This hydrologically highly dynamic region is of particular importance for the filling of a nationally important aquifer in the Chad basin , the Continental Terminal, which extends to the oases of Bilma . The soils in the wetlands are largely alluvial deposits , which consist of a multitude of different geological stratifications and were eroded from the surrounding mountain belt of the Adamaua , Mandara Mountains and Yade Massif highlands .
It is also worth mentioning that this wetland is an intersection between the Shari and Niger catchments. This means that the Logone partly supplies the Niger beyond Lake Chad during floods.
climate
The climate of the region is characterized by the alternation of two seasons, the rainy season from April / May to October and the dry season from November to March / April. The amount of precipitation depends on the intensity of the West African monsoons . The annual precipitation is between 600 mm in the north and up to 1000 mm in the south of the region.
ecology
flora
The different habitat types on the flood plain show a high level of biological diversity. In summary, they can be described as floodplain areas, lakes, large ponds, ponds and seasonal swamps. These river ecosystems allow vegetation to flourish that can be described as the Sahel-Sudan savannahs in the north and Sudan-Guinea savannahs in the south. These transitions in vegetation cover depend on the type of soil and the isohyets ( amount of precipitation). Depending on how large the flooded area is, an extensive floodplain area develops in the savannah areas. The development of this special type of vegetation depends on the height and duration of the flood. This must reach a height of more than one meter and have a duration of more than 2-3 months. After the flood has receded, these floodplains disappear in favor of the typical swampy meadows of the wetlands, where the grasses of the genus Andropogon are dominant. Trees from the genera Combretum , Terminalia and Ficus grow in these wetlands. In the higher areas, the vegetation changes to a wooded Sudan savannah, in which trees such as Khaya senegalensis , Bombax costatum and Butyrospermum paradoxum grow.
fauna
An abundance of waterfowl such as the red chalk pelican ( Pelecanus rufescens ), the crowned crane ( Balearica pavonina ) and the spurred goose ( Plectropterus gambensis ) are found in these areas. A statistical survey in January and February 1999 counted 30,256 water birds from 89 species. A barely manageable variety of freshwater fish can be found in this area. African bonesweed ( Heterotis niloticus ), Hydrocynus forskahlii , Nile perch ( Lates niloticus ), Labeo senegalensis are among other popular food fish.
Web links
- The Annotated Ramsar List: Chad. In: archive.ramsar.org. January 14, 2002, accessed August 2, 2018 .
